Thermogenesis in muscle.
Thermogenesis in muscle.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ph.56.030194.002535
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
18.2
通讯作者：
B. A. Block
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. A. Block
骨骼肌通常在细胞水平上进行检查，以确定其在力产生中的主要作用。在整个动物王国中，无论系统发育如何，肌肉都会产生热量。运动、颤抖和非颤抖产热为肌肉提供了多余的热量，这对各种各样的生物体具有适应意义。虽然关于肌肉作为产力细胞的机制有一定的一致性，但肌肉作为产热细胞的生理机制、生物学意义和进化作用还没有明确的定义。由收缩活动产生的热量释放被肌肉能量学家很好地理解、积极地研究和仔细地测量。非寒颤产热（NST）期间的产热还没有很好的定义，尽管有来自鱼类、鸟类和哺乳动物的令人信服的证据，但它在许多物种中的存在仍存在争议。对骨骼肌产热作用感兴趣的研究者主要关注收缩-松弛周期中热量释放之间的关系（1,77,90,1,10,128）。关于独立于收缩活动的产热的讨论通常集中在哺乳动物身上，那里存在大量的评论（44,46,47,83,86,95）。尽管人们努力了解肌肉如何促进基础代谢率（BMR）和恒温动物的冷致产热，但这种活动的机制基础仍不清楚。没有收缩活动的热产生的基本机制尚未阐明。本文回顾了骨骼肌的次要作用，作为一个熔炉和
Skeletal muscles are most often examined at the cellular level in relationship to their primary role in force generation. Throughout the animal kingdom, regardless of phylogeny, muscle generates heat. Exercise, shivering, and nonshivering thermogenesis provide excess heat in muscle that affords adaptive significance to a wide variety of organisms. Although there is reasonable concordance on the mechanisms involved in muscle as a force generating cell, the physiological mechanisms for thermogenesis, biological significance, and evolutionary role of muscle as a heat-producing cell are not as clearly defined. Heat liberation resulting from contractile activity is well understood, actively studied, and has been carefully measured by muscle energeticists. Heat production during periods of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is not as well defined, and its existence is controversial in many species, despite compelling evidence for NST from fish, birds, and mam mals . Investigators interested in the role of heat production in skeletal muscle primarily focus on the relationship between heat liberation during the contraction-relaxation cycle ( 1 , 77, 90, 1 10, 1 28). Discussions of heat production independent of contractile activity usually focus on mammals where extensive reviews exist (44, 46, 47 , 83, 86, 95) . Despite major efforts to understand how muscle contributes to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and to cold-induced thermogenesis in endotherms, the mechanistic basis of such activity remains poorly defined. The fundamental mechanisms for heat generation without contractile activity have not been elucidated. This review examines skeletal muscle in light of its secondary role as a furnace and