A novel obligate cultivation mutualism between damselfish and Polysiphonia algae
A novel obligate cultivation mutualism between damselfish and Polysiphonia algae
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2006.0528
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发表时间：
2006-12-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kato, Makoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hata, Hiroki;Kato, Makoto
在栽培互惠关系中，农畜为栽培品种准备田地，促进它们的生长并收获它们。例如，在陆地生态系统中，人类与作物之间的植物-食草动物种植互惠关系只是相对最近才出现的。在珊瑚礁生态系统中，我们发现了雀鲷和鱼之间的专性养殖互惠关系。雀鲷，Stegastes nigricans，通过对入侵的食草动物的领土防御和通过除草不好吃的藻类来管理藻类农场。因此，S. nigricans占主导地位的一个物种，多管藻属。我们进行了详尽的调查，内部和外部的5个雀鲷属物种的领土周围的琉球群岛，日本，使用分子和形态特征。Polysiphonia sp.1只生长在S.黑人，从来没有在其他地方。由于只有多管藻1被雀鲷作为主食收获和消费，这种相互依赖的关系是一种专性的栽培互惠共生。这是海洋生态系统中专性植物-草食动物养殖互惠共生的首次记录。我们的数据还表明，其他三个多管藻物种是相互的，寄生，或寄生在其他雀鲷物种。
In cultivation mutualisms, farming animals prepare fields for cultivars, enhance their growth and harvest them. For example, in terrestrial ecosystems, plant-herbivore cultivation mutualisms arose between humans and their crops only relatively recently. We discovered an obligate cultivation mutualism between a damselfish and an alga in a coral reef ecosystem. The damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, manages algal farms through territorial defence against the invading grazers and through weeding of unpalatable algae. As a result, the algal farms of S. nigricans are dominated by one species, Polysiphonia sp. We performed an exhaustive survey of algal assemblages inside and outside the territories of five damselfish species around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, using molecular and morphological characteristics. Polysiphonia sp. 1 grew exclusively inside the farms of S. nigricans, and never elsewhere. Since only Polysiphonia sp. 1 is harvested and consumed by the damselfish as a staple food, this interdependent relationship is an obligate cultivation mutualism. This is the first record of an obligate plant-herbivore cultivation mutualism in a marine ecosystem. Our data also suggest that three other Polysiphonia species are facultatively mutual with, commensal with, or parasitic on other damselfish species.