Parental Analysis of Soybean Cultivars Released in China
Parental Analysis of Soybean Cultivars Released in China
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Gai Jun-yi
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作者：
Gai Jun-yi
[目的]对1923-2005年公布的1300份小麦品种的系谱进行分析，揭示其末端祖先和直系亲本的地理来源和类型，特别是近20年来的地理来源和类型，并总结育种方法和亲本材料的利用意义。[方法]根据收集的1923-2005年中国育成的1300个大豆品种的系谱资料，追溯其终端祖先和直系亲本，估算和分析祖先的核贡献率。[结果]1300个大豆品种可追溯到670个最终祖先，其中地方品种占51.64%，育成系占38.36%，良种占7.01%，野生材料占2.54%，不确定类型占0.45%，对1300个品种的核贡献率分别为76.29%、14.93%、7.79%、0.54%和0.45%。1300个品种来自1391个直接亲本，其中27.76%是品种，6.10%是外来引种，11.62%是地方品种，54.52%是育种系。在人工杂交育成的1019个推广品种中，约71.78%来自品种间和育种系间杂交。在1986-2005年间育成的1391个品种中，670个品种中有54个主要祖先获得提名，1391个品种中有37个主要直系获得提名。[结论]将1923-2005年公布的品种资料与1923-1995年报道的品种资料进行比较，发现中国品种的端祖和直亲数量增加了一倍左右，外来种质增多，地理来源扩大，拓宽了近十年新育成品种的遗传基础。然而，大部分末端祖先只用于1-5个品种，只有少数末端祖先有较大的遗传贡献，但仍基本局限于其地方祖先。作者强调利用种质而不是地方资源来拓宽未来品种的遗传基础，并建议进一步探索核心祖先的遗传结构和潜力，通过设计策略实现育种。
【Objective】 The present study was aimed to analyze the pedigrees of the 1 300 cultivars released during 1923-2005, to reveal the geographical sources and types of their end ancestors and direct parents, especially those during the recent 20 years, and to summarize the implications in utilization of breeding approaches and parental materials. 【Method】 Based on the collected pedigree data of the 1 300 soybean cultivars released during 1923-2005 in China, the end ancestors and direct parents were traced and then the nuclear contribution from the ancestors estimated and analyzed. 【Result】 Total 1 300 released soybean cultivars were traced to their 670 final ancestors, composed of 51.64% landraces, 38.36% breeding lines, 7.01% improved cultivars, 2.54% wild accessions and 0.45% uncertain type, which provided 76.29%, 14.93%, 7.79%, 0.54% and 0.45% nuclear contribution to the 1 300 released cultivars, respectively. The 1 300 released cultivars were derived from 1391 direct parents, composed of 27.76% cultivars, 6.10% exotic introductions, 11.62% landraces, and 54.52% breeding lines. Among the 1 019 released cultivars developed from artificial hybridization, about 71.78% were from the crosses among cultivars and breeding lines. Total 54 major ancestors out of the 670 ones and 37 major direct parents out of the 1 391 ones of the cultivars released during 1986-2005 were nominated. 【Conclusion】After a comparison between the data of the cultivars released during 1923-2005 and those during 1923-1995 reported before, the number of end ancestors and direct parents was about the double, the exotic germplasm increased, the geographic source extended, and therefore, the genetic bases of cultivars released during recent ten years in China were broadened. However, the mostpart of the end ancestors was used in only 1-5 released cultivars, while only a few end ancestors provided large genetic contribution but still limited basically in their local ancestors. The authors emphasized the utilization of germplasm rather than the local sources for broadening the genetic base of future cultivars, and suggested further exploration of the genetic structure and potential of core ancestors for achieving breeding by design strategy.