A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences
A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences
复制标题
调查响应的简单理论：回答问题与揭示偏好
DOI：
10.2307/2111583
复制
发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
S. Feldman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Zaller;S. Feldman
意见研究受到两种主要类型的“人为”差异的困扰：大量的加班反应不稳定，以及问卷形式看似微不足道的变化影响态度表达的共同趋势。我们提出了一个简单的模型，将这种反常的“误差方差”转化为对民意本质的实质性洞察来源。该模型摒弃了传统但不可信的概念，即大多数人在典型调查项目的特殊性水平上持有观点--转而假设大多数人在大多数政治问题上存在内部矛盾--大多数人对调查问题的回答是基于他们回答问题时脑海中浮现的任何想法。大量的经验规律被证明与这些假设一致。
Opinion research is beset by two major types of "artifactual" variance: huge amounts of overtime response instability and the common tendency for seemingly trivial changes in questionnaire form to affect the expression of attitudes. We propose a simple model that converts this anomalous ; error variance" into sources of substantive insight into the nature of public opinion. The model abandons the conventional but implausible notion that most people possess opinions at the level of specificity of typical survey items-and instead assumes that most people are internally conflicted over most political issues-and that most respond to survey questions on the basis of whatever ideas are at the top of their heads at the moment of answering. Numerous empirical regularities are shown to be consistent with these assumptions.