Mapping social accountability actors and networks and their roles in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in childcare centres within Nairobi's informal settlements: A governance diaries approach.
Mapping social accountability actors and networks and their roles in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in childcare centres within Nairobi's informal settlements: A governance diaries approach.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0275491
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mberu, Blessing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chumo, Ivy;Kabaria, Caroline;Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.;Simiyu, Sheillah;Elsey, Helen;Mberu, Blessing
尽管许多机构可以获得改善的水环境卫生和个人卫生服务，但非正规住区的托儿中心获得水环境卫生服务的机会很少，条件也很差。必须了解现有行为者和社会网络如何在内罗毕非正式住区托儿中心的讲卫生部门运作。以经验绘制和了解非正式住区内不同行为者如何影响内罗毕非正式住区托儿中心提供充足和优质的水、环境卫生和个人卫生服务。这是一项定性研究。我们对来自肯尼亚内罗毕Korogocho和Viwandani非正式定居点的24名参与者进行了一项民族志研究。治理日记方法包括对研究参与者进行为期4个月的每两周的治理深度访谈（IDIs），并辅以观察、反思、参与者日记和非正式讨论。我们使用的框架分析部分是演绎的，由治理框架和涉众框架提供信息。社会问责行为者是参与在托儿中心提供讲卫生服务的个人或团体。这些行为者包括关键行为者（主要满足儿童日常讲卫生服务需求的行为者）和非关键行为者（在讲卫生部门开展活动但并不总是在托儿中心提供日常服务的行为者）。与会者一致认为，主要参与者是托儿中心的业主/教师和家长/监护人，因为他们在托儿中心提供讲卫生服务方面发挥着更直接的作用。演员有直接的、可能的或期望的网络，直接网络更多地由父母和托儿中心所有者描绘，他们的角色包括作为声音和响应儿童的WASH服务需求，因为它涉及到获取和质量。在为托儿中心的儿童提供WASH服务方面，中心所有者比父母拥有更大的权力/权威。关键行为者根据一项决定是否对儿童有利而自行决定，从而获得权力。最后，关键行为体的利益各不相同，从创收、儿童获得讲卫生服务、遵守政府法规、促进儿童健康到预防疾病传播。我们的研究强调，父母和托儿业主在提供WASH服务方面发挥着重要作用。虽然服务提供者和其他参与者可能在法律上被赋予提供WASH的主要责任，并且在官方地位上更加明显，但在研究参与者中，他们不被视为主要行为者，而是具有辅助责任的次要行为者。我们的结论是，当关键行为者在网络中发出声音并工作，要求包括政府在内的所需网络提供WASH服务时，托儿中心的WASH服务提供可能会实现。我们还得出结论，在提供WASH服务方面，发展更多的直接网络，并将期望的和潜在的网络转化为直接网络，对于成功提供WASH服务至关重要。最后，在托儿中心提供讲卫生服务的行为者可能需要进行合作，以确定加强现有网络的潜在途径，从而提高托儿中心讲卫生服务的可及性和质量。
Despite many institutions gaining access to improved water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services, childcare centres in informal settlements have low access and poor condition of WASH services. It is imperative to understand how existing actors and social networks operate in the WASH sector in childcare centres in Nairobi’s informal settlements. To empirically map and understand how different actors within informal settlements influence the provision of adequate and quality water, sanitation and hygiene services within childcare centres in Nairobi’s informal settlements. This was a qualitative study. We conducted an ethnographic study using governance diaries with 24 participants from Korogocho and Viwandani informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The governance diaries approach involved conducting bi-weekly governance in-depth interviews (IDIs) with study participants for 4 months, complemented with observations, reflections, participant diaries and informal discussions. We used a framework analysis which is partly deductive, informed by the governance framework and stakeholder framework. Social accountability actors were individuals or groups involved in WASH service provision in childcare centres. The actors included both key actors (actors who are primary to meeting the day-to-day WASH service needs of children) and non-key actors (actors operating in the WASH sector but not always present for day-to-day provision in childcare centres). The key actors were unanimously identified as childcare centre owners/teachers and parents/guardians as they had a more direct role in the provision of WASH services in childcare centres. The actors had direct, possible or desired networks, with the direct networks portrayed more by the parents and childcare centre owners, whose roles included acting as a voice and responding to the WASH service needs of children as it relates to access and quality. Centre owners had more power/authority over WASH services for children in childcare centres than the parents. Key actors derived power by their discretion depending on whether a decision was beneficial to children or not. Lastly, the interest of key actors were diverse ranging from income generation, access to WASH services by children, compliance with government regulations, and promotion of child health, to the prevention of the spread of diseases. Our study highlights that parents and childcare owners play an important role in WASH service provision. While service providers and other players may be statutorily given primary responsibilities for WASH provision, and more visible in official standing, among study participants they are not seen as primary actors but secondary players with ancillary responsibilities. We conclude that WASH service provision in child care centres may be realised when key actors have a voice and work within networks to demand WASH services from desired networks including the government. We also conclude that developing more direct networks and converting desired and potential networks into direct networks in WASH service provision is critical for the success of WASH service delivery. Lastly, actors in WASH services in childcare centres may need to collaborate in identifying potential avenues for strengthening existing networks that enhance access and quality of WASH services in childcare centres.
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DOI：
10.2166/washdev.2019.174
发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Chikozho, Claudious;Kadengye, Damazo T.;Orindi, Benedict O.
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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影响因子：
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