Hostage to Norms: States, Institutions and Global Forest Politics
Hostage to Norms: States, Institutions and Global Forest Politics
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规范的束缚：国家、机构和全球森林政治
DOI：
10.1162/152638005774785499
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Radoslav S Dimitrov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Radoslav S Dimitrov
全球森林政治揭示了环境规范在国际层面上对国家行为的惊人影响。关于森林砍伐的谈判一再未能达成政策协议。各国政府没有放弃陷入僵局的谈判，而是成立了联合国森林论坛（United Nations Forum on Forests，简称UNFOF），这是一个被故意剥夺决策权的空洞实体。各种理论观点都无法解释为什么国家会建立没有政策授权的空白国际机构。这里提出了几个论点。首先，环境多边主义（NEM）的全球规范有助于解释环境多边主义的创建以及各国普遍参与其中;其次，这种良好的规范可能对世界政治产生负面影响。新经济模式禁止各国从失败的政治倡议中脱离出来，并助长了对全球治理有效性持怀疑态度的空洞机构的建立。最后，全球林业挑战了普遍存在的学术观念，即规范、机构和治理是相互关联的。有时，国家会设计一些诱饵机构，其功能是先发制人地进行治理。
Global forest politics reveal surprising impacts of environmental norms on state behavior at the international level. Negotiations regarding deforestation have repeatedly failed to produce a policy agreement. Instead of abandoning the deadlocked talks, governments created the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), a hollow entity deliberately deprived of decision-making powers. Various theoretical perspectives fail to explain why states create blank international institutions without policy mandates. Several arguments are advanced here. First, a global norm of environmental multilateralism (NEM) helps explain the creation of the UNFF as well as universal state participation in it. Second, such good norms can have negative consequences in world politics. NEM prohibits states from disengaging from failed political initiatives, and fosters the creation of hollow institutions that nourish skepticism about the effectiveness of global governance. Finally, global forestry defies the widespread academic notion that norms, institutions and governance are coterminous. Sometimes states design decoy institutions whose function is to preempt governance.