Childhood and adolescent predictors of alcohol abuse and dependence in young adulthood
Childhood and adolescent predictors of alcohol abuse and dependence in young adulthood
复制标题
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.2001.62.754
复制
发表时间：
2001-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Abbott, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, J;Hawkins, JD;Abbott, RD
目的：在社会发展模型的理论指导下，对 11 岁时儿童和青少年酒精滥用和依赖的预测因素进行全面检查。方法：数据取自 808 名不同种族的城市学生样本（5·1% 为男性），这些学生在 10 岁时接受调查，并前瞻性地追踪至 1996 年的 21 岁。在 10、14 和 16 岁时测量了 21 岁时酗酒和酒精依赖的潜在预测因素。在每个年龄检查这些预测因素与酒精滥用和依赖之间的关系，以评估其预测模式随时间的变化。结果：与学校的紧密联系、家长对儿童的密切监督、明确的家庭行为规则、父母对良好行为的适当奖励、高水平的拒绝技巧和对道德秩序的坚定信念，预示着 21 岁时酗酒和酒精依赖的风险较低。其中，与学校的紧密联系始终预示着所有三个年龄段（10、14 和 16 岁）酒精滥用和依赖的风险较低。相比之下，21岁时酗酒和酒精依赖风险较高的青少年会出现更多问题行为，有更多机会与反社会人士打交道，与这些人相处的时间更多，与这些人的关系更密切，反社会行为的负面后果更少，对饮酒持有更有利的看法。其中，10、14 和 16 岁时的先前问题行为以及反社会机会和参与一致预测了 21 岁时的酒精滥用和依赖。结论：这些重要的可塑性预测因素早在 10 岁时就可以识别，为预防成年早期的酒精滥用和依赖提供了潜在的干预目标。
Objective: To Provide a comprehensive examination of childhood and adolescent predictors of alcohol abuse and dependence at age 11, theoretically guided by the social development model. Method: Data were taken from an ethnically diverse urban sample of 808 students (5 1% male), surveyed at age 10 and followed prospectively to age 21 in 1996. Potential predictors of alcohol abuse and dependence at age 21 were measured at ages 10, 14 and 16. Relationships between these predictors and alcohol abuse and dependence were examined at each age, to assess changes in their patterns of prediction over time. Results: Strong bonding to school, close parental monitoring of children and clearly defined family rules for behavior, appropriate parental rewards for good behaviors, high level of refusal skills and strong belief in the moral order predicted a lower risk for alcohol abuse and dependence at age 21. Of these, strong bonding to school consistently predicted lower alcohol abuse and dependence from all three ages (10, 14 and 16). By contrast, youths who had a higher risk of alcohol abuse and dependence at age 21 engaged in more problem behaviors, had more opportunities age to be involved with antisocial individuals and spent more time with and were more bonded to those individuals, viewed fewer negative consequences from antisocial behaviors and held more favorable views on alcohol use. Of these, prior problem behaviors and antisocial opportunities and involvements at ages 10, 14 and 16 consistently predicted alcohol abuse and dependence at age 21. Conclusions: These important malleable predictors, identifiable as early as age 10, provide potential intervention targets for the prevention of alcohol abuse and dependence in early adulthood.