Factors Affecting Sea-Level Performance Following Altitude Training in Elite Athletes
Factors Affecting Sea-Level Performance Following Altitude Training in Elite Athletes
复制标题
影响精英运动员高原训练后海平面表现的因素
DOI：
10.1007/s42978-022-00198-6
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Avish P. Sharma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Avish P. Sharma
Live high train high （LHTH）是一种原始的高海拔训练方法，被优秀运动员用来提高在海平面上的表现。虽然有许多关于精英运动员在LHTH后在海平面上取得世界级成绩的轶事报道，但对精英运动员在生态有效条件下进行高原训练并进行训练的良好对照研究仍然缺乏。当考虑到LHTH的人体作用潜力时，文献是模棱两可的，并且考虑到大多数对照研究没有报告提高海平面性能，一些关于LHTH功效的怀疑仍然存在。尽管如此，LHTH仍然是精英运动员使用的一种流行的高原训练形式，许多使用LHTH的冠军运动员的案例研究巩固了它在准备比赛期间使用的理由。对影响LHTH反应的因素的讨论通常与缺氧引起的红细胞生成和红细胞生成的加速或维持氧通量和高海拔训练强度有关。对于前者，经常提到铁的状态和补充，以及低氧剂量。对于后者，在高海拔地区氧气供应减少导致运动员以较低的绝对强度进行训练，训练的相对强度被限制在与海平面相当的水平，从而也降低了绝对训练强度，这是经常讨论的问题。其他因素，包括免疫功能和LHTH后的比赛时间也可能有助于观察到的表现。文献中较少考虑的是精英运动员特有的因素，即在整个赛季中重复使用高原训练营，以及这可能对随后表现的影响。本文旨在总结目前有关优秀运动员LHTH的文献，并进一步描述影响高原训练后表现的几个因素。
Live high train high (LHTH) is the original method of altitude training used by elite athletes to enhance sea-level performance. Whilst many anecdotal reports featuring world-class performances of elite athletes at sea-level following LHTH exist, well-controlled studies of elite athletes using altitude training under ecologically valid conditions with training well characterised are still lacking. The literature is equivocal when considering the ergogenic potential of LHTH, and given the majority of controlled studies do not report enhanced sea-level performance, some scepticism regarding the efficacy of LHTH persists. Despite this, LHTH remains a popular form of altitude training utilised by elite athletes, with numerous case studies of champion athletes employing LHTH solidifying the rationale for its use during preparation for competition. Discussion of factors affecting the response to LHTH are often related to compromising either the hypoxia induced acceleration of erythropoiesis and production of red blood cells, or the maintenance of oxygen flux and training intensity at altitude. Regarding the former, iron status and supplementation, as well as hypoxic dose are often mentioned. Concerning the latter, reduced oxygen availability at altitude leading to athletes training at lower absolute intensities and the relative intensity of training sessions being clamped as equivalent to sea-level, thus also reducing absolute training intensity are frequently discussed. Other factors including immune function and the timing of competition following LHTH may also contribute to an observed performance. Less considered in the literature are those factors specific to elite athletes, namely the repeated use of altitude camps throughout a season, and the influence this may have on subsequent performance. The current narrative review aimed to summarise the current literature pertaining to LHTH in elite athletes, and furthermore describe several factors affecting performance following altitude training.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
D'Alessandro A;Nemkov T;Sun K;Liu H;Song A;Monte AA;Subudhi AW;Lovering AT;Dvorkin D;Julian CG;Kevil CG;Kolluru GK;Shiva S;Gladwin MT;Xia Y;Hansen KC;Roach RC
通讯作者：
Roach RC