Precise Minds in Uncertain Worlds: Predictive Coding in Autism
Precise Minds in Uncertain Worlds: Predictive Coding in Autism
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037665
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wagemans, Johan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Cruys, Sander Van;Evers, Kris;Wagemans, Johan
人们曾多次试图解释自闭症之谜，但现有的神经认知理论往往只提供一组症状的精确描述。在这里，我们认为，执行功能，心理理论和中央一致性的缺陷都可以被理解为一个核心缺陷的灵活性的后果，自闭症谱系障碍的人可以处理违反他们的期望。更正式地说，我们认为，人类的大脑通过做出和测试预测来处理信息，并且由于违反这些预测而导致的错误在自闭症谱系障碍中具有统一的，合理的高权重。世界上错误的复杂性和波动性，以及人们经历错误的随机性和嘈杂的生物系统，要求人们在真实的世界中不仅从错误中学习，而且还需要（Meta）学习有时忽略错误。特别是在某些情况下（E）。例如，在一个实施例中，社会）或刺激（e.例如，在一个实施例中，当一个人的面部表情变得过于复杂或动态时，人们需要容忍一定程度的错误，以发展更抽象的表征水平。从无法灵活处理预测错误开始，一些看似核心的缺陷在逻辑上成为次要症状。此外，坚持千篇一律或按照刻板重复的行为行事，可以被理解为试图在一个充满错误的世界里提供一种令人放心的成功预测感。
There have been numerous attempts to explain the enigma of autism, but existing neurocognitive theories often provide merely a refined description of 1 cluster of symptoms. Here we argue that deficits in executive functioning, theory of mind, and central coherence can all be understood as the consequence of a core deficit in the flexibility with which people with autism spectrum disorder can process violations to their expectations. More formally we argue that the human mind processes information by making and testing predictions and that the errors resulting from violations to these predictions are given a uniform, inflexibly high weight in autism spectrum disorder. The complex, fluctuating nature of regularities in the world and the stochastic and noisy biological system through which people experience it require that, in the real world, people not only learn from their errors but also need to (meta-) learn to sometimes ignore errors. Especially when situations (e. g., social) or stimuli (e. g., faces) become too complex or dynamic, people need to tolerate a certain degree of error in order to develop a more abstract level of representation. Starting from an inability to flexibly process prediction errors, a number of seemingly core deficits become logically secondary symptoms. Moreover, an insistence on sameness or the acting out of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors can be understood as attempts to provide a reassuring sense of predictive success in a world otherwise filled with error.