Can the common fisheries policy achieve good environmental status in exploited ecosystems: The west of Scotland demersal fisheries example
Can the common fisheries policy achieve good environmental status in exploited ecosystems: The west of Scotland demersal fisheries example
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fishres.2018.10.024
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Fernandes, Paul G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baudron, Alan R.;Serpetti, Natalia;Fernandes, Paul G.
欧洲共同渔业政策（CFP）的最新改革规范了欧洲沃茨鱼类资源的开发利用，从传统的单一资源管理转向基于生态系统的渔业管理（EBFM）。与此同时，《海洋战略框架指令》规定，到2020年，欧洲沃茨应达到良好环境状态。在这里，我们采用EBFM的方法，目前面临着几个管理问题：鳕鱼（鳕morhua）和鳕鱼（Merlangius merlangus），增加捕食灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus），和大型副渔获物的青少年鳕鱼由甲壳类渔业西部的苏格兰底栖渔业。采用食物网生态系统模型，模拟了应用传统的单一种群捕捞死亡率（F）的结果，以及根据CFP探索F范围的管理方案。计算了生态系统指标，以评估这些情景在实现GES方面的表现。我们的研究结果强调了考虑猎物捕食者的相互作用，特别是顶级捕食者，鳕鱼和saithe（Pollachius vireos），少年鳕鱼和鳕鱼的影响的重要性。传统的单一种群方法可能会回收鳕鱼，但不会回收鳕鱼。探索F范围发现，少年鳕鱼副渔获物的大幅减少是必要的鳕鱼股票恢复。从灰海豹捕食总体上影响不大，但确实影响鳕鱼和鳕鱼恢复的时间。除鳕鱼外，在单一种群情景和确定的实现GES的最佳情景之间观察到的差异很小。研究结果提倡使用生态系统建模以及用于战术决策的传统单一种群评估模型，以便更好地为渔业管理提供信息。
The latest reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) which regulates the exploitation of fish stocks in European waters entails a move from the traditional single stock management towards Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM). Meanwhile the Marine Strategy Framework Directive dictates that Good Environmental Status (GES) should be achieved in European waters by 2020. Here we apply an EBFM approach to the west of Scotland demersal fisheries which are currently facing several management issues: depleted stocks of cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus), increased predation from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and large bycatch of juvenile whiting by crustacean fisheries. A food web ecosystem model was employed to simulate the outcomes of applying the traditional single stock fishing mortalities (F), and management scenarios which explored F ranges in accordance with the CFP. Ecosystem indicators were calculated to assess the performance of these scenarios towards achieving GES. Our results highlight the importance of considering prey-predator interactions, in particular the impact of the top predators, cod and saithe (Pollachius vireos), on juvenile cod and whiting. The traditional single stock approach would likely recover cod, but not whiting. Exploring the F ranges revealed that a drastic reduction of juvenile whiting bycatch is necessary for the whiting stock to recover. Predation from grey seals had little impact overall, but did affect the timing of cod and whiting recovery. With the exception of whiting, little difference was observed between the single stock scenario, and the best scenario identified towards achieving GES. The findings advocate for the use of ecosystem modelling alongside the traditional single stock assessment models used for tactical decision making in order to better inform fisheries management.