Aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional supersonic biplane, covering its take-off to cruise conditions
Aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional supersonic biplane, covering its take-off to cruise conditions
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DOI：
10.1007/s00193-008-0175-5
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发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
D. Maruyama;K. Kusunose;K. Matsushima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Maruyama;K. Kusunose;K. Matsushima
超音速双翼飞机有可能实现低轰低阻的超音速飞行。在本研究中，借助计算流体动力学 (CFD) 工具对二维 (2-D) 双翼飞机的空气动力学分析和设计进行了研究。通过利用逆向设计方法，在设计马赫数 (M∞= 1.7) 下设计了在足够升力条件 (Cl> 0.14) 下波阻低于单平板翼型的二维双翼结构。一般来说，虽然超音速双翼飞机在其设计马赫数下表现出优越的空气动力特性，但不幸的是，它们在非设计条件下的性能较差。流阻发生在高亚音速下，并且由于流滞现象，在加速阶段持续到大于设计马赫数的马赫数。铰接缝翼和襟翼被用作高升力装置，以避免气流阻塞和随之而来的滞后问题，并且在起飞和着陆条件下也被用作实际的高升力装置。作为进一步的改进，考虑了变形和福勒运动。最后，通过将缝翼和襟翼以及变形机制应用于我们反向设计的双翼飞机，研究了从起飞（和着陆）到巡航条件的一系列二维双翼飞机配置。
Supersonic biplanes can possibly achieve low-boom and low-drag supersonic flights. In the present study, aerodynamic analysis and design of two-dimensional (2-D) biplanes were investigated with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. By utilizing an inverse-design method, a 2-D biplane configuration with lower wave drag than the single flat-plate airfoil at sufficient lift conditions (Cl> 0.14) was designed at its design Mach number (M∞= 1.7). In general, although, supersonic biplanes show superior aerodynamic characteristics at their design Mach numbers, unfortunately, they are characterized by poor performances under their off-design conditions. Flow choking occurs at high subsonic speeds, and continues to Mach numbers greater than the design Mach number in the acceleration stage due to flow hysteresis. Hinged slats and flaps were applied as high-lift devices to avoid the flow choking and concomitant hysteresis problems, and were also used as actual high-lift devices under take-off and landing conditions. As further improvement, morphing and Fowler motion were considered. Finally, a series of 2-D biplane configurations from take-off (and landing) to cruise conditions were studied by applying the slats and flaps, as well as morphing mechanisms, to our inversely designed biplane.