Bruise measurement of fresh market apples caused by repeated impacts using a pendulum method
Bruise measurement of fresh market apples caused by repeated impacts using a pendulum method
复制标题
使用摆锤法测量新鲜市场苹果反复撞击造成的碰伤
DOI：
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2022.112143
复制
发表时间：
2022-10-10
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Yang, Zhou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fu, Han;Du, Wendi;Yang, Zhou
本文提出了一种用摆锤法测量苹果瘀伤损伤的方法，克服了跌落试验对特定果区的冲击控制的局限性。条件包括三个冲击能量（0.011、0.042和0.094 J）和四个重复序列（1、3、5和10），跨越三个表面区域（上/茎肩、中/颊和下/花萼肩）对大、小水果。采用全因子实验设计来研究这些因素对瘀伤损伤的影响。在一对大/小苹果的每个区域中分别划分12个较小的区域，在3个冲击能和4个重复冲击序列之间进行12个处理，相互对应，以减少试样方差带来的误差。分别计算撞击参数（冲击力和接触时间）、撞伤面积（BA）、体积（BV）和敏感性（BV与撞击能量之比）。结果表明，苹果表面区域和重复撞击系列对伤伤大小和伤伤易感性有显著影响。结果表明，在5次撞击前，冲击力随撞击级数的增加而明显增大，但每次撞击后的增加量依次减小，BA和BV均如此，而BS则相反。较低强度的重复撞击次数较多，较低强度的重复撞击次数较少，较可能降低BA和BV。在0.011和0.042 J的冲击下，接触时间由上至下递减。在0.042 J的冲击下，靠近茎的果区更容易造成较小的瘀伤。
This paper presented an approach using a pendulum method to measure bruise damage of apples to overcome the limitation of the drop test on impact control on a specific fruit zone. Conditions included three impact energies (0.011, 0.042, and 0.094 J) and four repeated series (1, 3, 5, and 10) across three surface zones (top/stem shoulder, middle/cheek, and bottom/calyx shoulder) on large and small fruit. A full factorial experimental design was performed to investigate the effects of these factors on bruise damage. Twelve smaller areas separated from each zone of a pair of large/small apples and twelve treatments between the three impact energies and four repeated impact series corresponded to each other to reduce errors caused by the variance of specimens. Impact parameters (impact force and contact time), bruised area (BA), volume (BV), and susceptibility (BS, the ratio of BV to impact energy) were counted/calculated, respectively. It was demonstrated that the apple surface zone and repeated impact series could significantly affect bruise sizes and susceptibility to bruising. Results indicated that the impact force clearly increased with increased impact series before five impacts, but the increment decreased successively for every single impact, and the same was true for BA and BV, while the contrary was true for BS. More repeated impacts with lower intensity were more likely to reduce BA and BV compared to fewer impacts with higher intensity. The contact time decreased from the top to the bottom zone at both 0.011 and 0.042 J impacts. The fruit zone near the stem was more susceptible to causing smaller bruise sizes at a 0.042 J impact.