Scripting Collaborative Learning Processes: A Cognitive Perspective
Scripting Collaborative Learning Processes: A Cognitive Perspective
复制标题
编写协作学习过程脚本：认知视角
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-36949-5_2
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. King
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. King
编写协作学习脚本是促进面对面和在线计算机学习环境中学习的有效方法。尽管术语“脚本”起源于认知心理学，但它在教育环境中用于描述通过使用角色、活动和活动顺序来构建交互和支撑协作学习的方法。许多研究表明，有几种特定类型的学习活动可以增强互动过程中的学习，但是，这些活动很少在自然发生的小组协作过程中自发发生。此外，人们在协作过程中学习什么、如何学习以及导致协作学习的潜在认知机制并不总是清楚。提出了四种编写面对面协作脚本的说明性方法。每种方法都经过检查，以揭示如何使用角色、活动和活动顺序来构建协作学习，以及它们的脚本旨在诱导学习者哪些特定的认知、元认知和社会认知过程。对某些脚本的期望是，随着时间的推移，学习者将内化角色、活动和顺序；而且，一旦学习者能够自己扮演脚本的所有角色，他们将无需外部脚本的帮助即可自我调节自己的学习。然而，脚本的复杂性和目标之间的广泛差异影响了它们内部化的潜力，并且即使角色内部化，一些外部脚本也不会被终止。
Scripting collaborative learning is an effective approach to promoting learning in both face-to-face and on-line computer learning contexts. Although the term script originated in cognitive psychology, it is used in educational contexts to describe ways of structuring interaction and scaffolding collaborative learning through the use of roles, activities, and sequencing of activities. There are several specific types of learning activities that numerous lines of research have shown enhance learning during interaction, however, these activities rarely occur spontaneously during naturally-occurring group collaboration. Also, it is not always clear what individuals learn during collaboration, how they learn it, and the underlying cognitive mechanisms that account for learning collaboratively. Four illustrative approaches to scripting face-to-face collaboration are presented. Each approach is examined to reveal how roles, activities, and sequence of activities, are used to structure collaborative learning and what particular cognitive, metacognitive, and socio-cognitive processes their scripts are intended to induce in learners. The expectation for some scripts is that over time learners will internalize the roles, activities, and sequence; and, once learners can play all of the roles of a script on their own, they will self-regulate their learning without the aid of an external script. However, the wide range of differences in both the complexity and goals of scripts affects their potential for internalization, and some external scripts are not intended to be discontinued even if roles are internalized.