Can realism save us from populism? Rousseau in the digital age
Can realism save us from populism? Rousseau in the digital age
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现实主义能把我们从民粹主义中拯救出来吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
I. Cozzaglio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Cozzaglio
2016年，意大利目前执政的政党之一五星运动（5SM）推出了“卢梭纲领”。这是一个旨在加强直接民主、透明度和人民真实的参与制定法律、政策和政治建议的平台。虽然以卢梭的名字命名，但5SM的救赎承诺因不负责任和意识形态而在公共领域受到强烈批评。我认为，政治现实主义可以通过提供一些工具来揭露民粹主义的扭曲，并为政治对手的批评提供更坚实的基础，来完成诊断和纠正任务。特别是，现实主义的三个方面将被指出作为对抗民粹主义漂移的补救措施。首先，反道德主义，辅以反乌托邦主义和情境主义，批评民粹主义者的道德主义政治图景，其反多元主义的态度和拒绝专家在政治中的作用。第二，韦伯的责任伦理提供了评价政治家行为的标准，而不是接受民粹主义者对任何职业政治家的厌恶;此外，它与民粹主义者将政治视为贬损活动的形象形成对比。最后，作为意识形态批判的现实主义揭示了民粹主义宣传背后的扭曲叙事，并促进了不加批判的支持。
In 2016, the Five Stars Movement (5SM), one of the parties currently in power in Italy, launched the ‘Rousseau platform’. This is a platform meant to enhance direct democracy, transparency and the real participation of the people in the making of laws, policies and political proposals. Although ennobled with the name of Rousseau, the 5SM’s redemptive promise has been strongly criticised in the public sphere for being irresponsible and ideological. Political realism, I will argue, can perform both a diagnostic and a corrective task, by providing some tools to unveil populist distortions and by offering more solid grounds for political opponents’ critique. Three aspects of realism, in particular, will be pointed out as remedies against populist drifts. First, anti-moralism, complemented by anti-utopianism and contextualism, criticises the populists’ moralistic picture of politics, its anti-pluralistic attitude and its rejection of the role of experts in politics. Second, the Weberian ethic of responsibility offers standards to assess politicians’ actions, instead of embracing the populist aversion towards any professional politician; besides, it contrasts the populist image of politics as a derogatory activity. Finally, realism as ideology critique unveils the distorting narratives underlying populist propaganda and fostering uncritical support.