Particle-bound PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of an electronic waste dismantling area in China.
Particle-bound PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of an electronic waste dismantling area in China.
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DOI：
10.3967/0895-3988.2011.02.003
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Wen;Yan Gong;Jingguang Li;T. Shi;Yun-feng Zhao;Yongning Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Wen;Yan Gong;Jingguang Li;T. Shi;Yun-feng Zhao;Yongning Wu
目的采集某电子垃圾拆解区大气颗粒物样品，了解电子垃圾拆解区大气中多氯代二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃(PCDD/Fs)的含量和来源。方法分别于2006年7月10日~12日和2007年1月11日~13日选择丰江、中国东部电子废弃物拆解区及邻近路桥地区非雨天采集颗粒物样品，包括总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和颗粒物直径(PM2.5)μm。采用同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱仪(HRGC/HRMS)对样品进行分析。结果福建省大气可吸入颗粒物和颗粒物的平均二恶英浓度分别为280.6 pg Nm(-3)(3.432 pg WHO-TEQ Nm(-3))和223.3 pg Nm(-3)(3.180 pg WHO-TEQ Nm(-3))。PM2.5样品中PCDD/F的总浓度和TEQs约占TSP样品的66.8%-108.0%，表明细颗粒物中PCDD/F的含量高于粗颗粒物。FJ的PCDD/F水平远高于世界各地普通城市地区的PCDD/F水平，表明该研究地区受到了PCDD/F的严重污染。此外，福建省多氯二苯并二恶英/氟的总平均每日摄入量估计成人为62.11pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1)，儿童为110.11 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1)，大大超过世卫组织(1998年)允许的1-4pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1)的每日摄入量。结论FJ中PCDD/F的同系物和同系物特征证实，该市PCDD/F来源于原始电子垃圾回收活动。FJ目前存在的严重的二恶英污染也通过大气输送对LQ的邻近地区产生了重大影响。露天焚烧医疗废物是LQ查明的多氯二苯并二恶英的另一个来源。
OBJECTIVE Particulate samples from the atmosphere in an electronic waste dismantling area were collected to investigate the levels and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). METHODS Particulate samples including total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter <2.5 μm diameter (PM(2.5)) were collected on selected non-rainy days in summer (Jul 10-12, 2006) and winter (Jan 11-13, 2007) from Fengjiang (FJ), an electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling area in eastern China, and an adjacent area Luqiao (LQ). The samples were analyzed by isotope dilution - high resolution gas chromatography / high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). RESULTS In FJ, the mean PCDD/F concentrations (mean TEQ values) were 280.6 pg Nm(-3) (3.432 pg WHO-TEQ Nm(-3)) for the TSP samples and 223.3 pg Nm(-3) (3.180 pg WHO-TEQ Nm(-3)) for the PM(2.5) samples. The total PCDD/F concentrations and TEQs in the PM(2.5) samples were about 66.8%-108.0% of the TSP samples, indicating that the fine particles contained higher levels of PCDD/Fs than coarse particles. The PCDD/F levels in FJ were much higher than those detected in common urban areas around the world, suggesting that the study area was heavily polluted by PCDD/Fs. Furthermore, the total average daily PCDD/F intake in FJ was estimated at 62.11 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1) for adults and 110.11 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1) for children, which greatly exceeds the WHO (1998) tolerable daily intake of 1-4 pg of WHO-TEQ kg(-1)·day(-1). CONCLUSION The PCDD/F homologues and congener profiles confirmed that the PCDD/Fs in FJ originated from crude e-waste recycling activities. The severe dioxin pollution present in FJ has also substantially influenced the adjacent area of LQ through atmospheric transport. Open burning of medical waste was another source of PCDD/Fs identified in LQ.