Ecological Restoration of Coastal Sage Scrub and Its Potential Role in Habitat Conservation Plans
Ecological Restoration of Coastal Sage Scrub and Its Potential Role in Habitat Conservation Plans
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沿海鼠尾草灌木的生态恢复及其在栖息地保护计划中的潜在作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
P. Bowler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bowler
沿海鼠尾草灌木（CSS）的大面积损失，幸存的林分的隔离，以及联邦政府将几种与该植物群落有密切关系的动物物种列入名单，特别是受威胁的加利福尼亚捕蚊器（Polioptila californica），导致人们试图创建CSS以减轻城市发展和其他原因造成的栖息地丧失。这些生物中的许多都位于生境保护计划（HCP）站点内，它们可以发挥更重要的作用，成为具有特定位点遗传的单一站点的植物储存库。在其他技术中，有一种技术增加了与自然林分的初始相似性，使用数字化的、按比例的摄影技术，这种技术已经被用于验证维管植物的关联，这些植物在景观中表现为马赛克。将被回收的成熟的冠层植物斑块放置在更大的印迹植物或容器植物地块的基质中，似乎可以显着增强CSS专性鸟类的直接利用，加速CSS的“传播”或扩展，并且还可以引入许多附生类群，否则这些类群将缓慢或无法占据正在发展的CSS创造。在加州大学欧文分校进行的一项林冠修复案例研究中，爬行动物、两栖动物、蝴蝶和啮齿动物的多样性显示了CSS物种在移植的林冠斑块中觅食和居住。使用恢复技术来扩展现有的CSS林分比创建孤立的斑块更有希望，并且创建类似于CSS火中循环林分的树冠现在很常见。捕蚊者和其他鸟类利用恢复区觅食和偶尔筑巢，在某些情况下，沿着“生物走廊”建造的树木似乎对鸟类的运动很有用。沿着生境边缘的鼠尾草灌丛移植斑块似乎打破了线性边缘效应。没有数据可以预测CSS恢复地点的长期生存、演替或火灾后行为，并且火灾后的群落变化目前不是缓解或恢复计划的一部分。包括燃烧在内的长期规划是必要的，这样才能形成适应火灾的栖息地。恢复在保留遗传资源、改善边缘效应、作为HCP站点周围缓冲区的栖息地扩展器以及通过提供自然林分可以扩展的区域方面具有重要意义。
Extensive acreage loss of coastal sage scrub (CSS), isolation of surviving stands, and the federal listing of several animal species with obligate relationships to this plant community, particularly the threatened California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica), have led to attempts to create CSS to mitigate habitat lost to urban development and other causes. Many of these creations lie within habitat conservation plan (HCP) sites, and they could play a more prominent role by being repositories for plants taken from a single site having site-specific genetics.Among others, one technique that increases initial resemblance to natural stands uses digitized, to-scale photography, which has been ground-truthed to verify vascular plant associations, which appear as mosaics on a landscape. A combination of placing patches of salvaged, mature canopy plants within larger matrices of imprinted or container plant plots appears to significantly enhance immediate use by CSS obligate bird species, accelerate “spread” or expansion of CSS, and can also introduce many epiphytic taxa that otherwise would be slow or unable to occupy developing CSS creations. Reptile, amphibian, butterfly, and rodent diversity in a salvaged canopy restoration case study at the University of California, Irvine, showed CSS species foraging and inhabiting transplanted canopy patches.Using restoration techniques to expand existing CSS stands has more promise than creating isolated patches, and the creation of canopies resembling CSS mid-fire cycle stands is now common. Gnatcatchers and other birds use restorations for foraging and occasional nesting, and in some cases created stands along “biological corridors” appear to be useful to bird movement. Patches of transplanted sage scrub shrubs along habitat edges appear to break up linear edge effects. There are no data on which long-term survival, succession, or postfire behavior can be predicted for CSS restoration sites, and postfire community changes are not part of either mitigation or restoration planning at present. Long-term planning including burning is needed so that a fire-adapted habitat will develop. Restoration is important in retaining genetic resources, for ameliorating edge effects, as habitat extenders in buffer zones around HCP sites, and by providing areas into which natural stands can expand.