Effects of Hallucination Proneness and Sensory Resolution on Prior Biases in Human Perceptual Inference of Time Intervals.
Effects of Hallucination Proneness and Sensory Resolution on Prior Biases in Human Perceptual Inference of Time Intervals.
复制标题
幻觉倾向和感官分辨率对人类感知时间间隔推断中先验偏差的影响。
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0692-22.2023
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发表时间：
2023-07-19
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Horga, Guillermo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duhamel, Emeline;Mihali, Andra;Horga, Guillermo
贝叶斯感知模型认为感知是新的感觉信息和先前期望的最佳整合的结果。反过来，精神病中感知障碍的突出模型将幻觉样现象框定为过度偏向感知先验期望的感知。尽管越来越多的支持这一概念，无论是幻觉相关的先验偏见的结果次要从不精确的感官表征在早期处理阶段或直接从知觉先验的改变，这两个建议的候选人可能与贝叶斯模型一致，仍有待检验。使用修改后的间隔定时范式，旨在仲裁这些替代假设之间，我们表明，在人类参与者（16名女性和24名男性）从非临床人口的幻觉倾向与一个有限的形式的先验偏见，反映了选择性差异的加权上下文先验方差，先验偏见是无关的感官噪声的影响和一个单独的感官分辨率指数。因此，我们的研究结果表明，在知觉推理的先验偏见的不同机制，有利于幻觉倾向的概念，可以反映直接改变的代表性或使用知觉先验独立的感官噪声。当前的精神病理论认为幻觉倾向是由于先前的期望对知觉的过度影响。目前尚不清楚这种先验偏见是否代表了与先前信念的表征或使用相关的主要自上而下的过程，或者是源于早期加工阶段不精确的感觉表征的次要自下而上的过程。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了贝叶斯感知推理模型捕获的时间间隔行为。我们的数据支持这样的观点，即与幻觉倾向相关的先前期望的过度影响并不直接继发于感觉不精确，而是与主要的自上而下的过程更一致。这些结果有助于完善精神病的计算理论，并可能有助于改进干预目标的发展。
Bayesian models of perception posit that percepts result from the optimal integration of new sensory information and prior expectations. In turn, prominent models of perceptual disturbances in psychosis frame hallucination-like phenomena as percepts excessively biased toward perceptual prior expectations. Despite mounting support for this notion, whether this hallucination-related prior bias results secondarily from imprecise sensory representations at early processing stages or directly from alterations in perceptual priors—both suggested candidates potentially consistent with Bayesian models—remains to be tested. Using modified interval timing paradigms designed to arbitrate between these alternative hypotheses, we show in human participants (16 females and 24 males) from a nonclinical population that hallucination proneness correlates with a circumscribed form of prior bias that reflects selective differences in weighting of contextual prior variance, a prior bias that is unrelated to the effect of sensory noise and to a separate index of sensory resolution. Our results thus suggest distinct mechanisms underlying prior biases in perceptual inference and favor the notion that hallucination proneness could reflect direct alterations in the representation or use of perceptual priors independent of sensory noise. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Current theories of psychosis posit that hallucination proneness results from excessive influence of prior expectations on perception. It is not clear whether this prior bias represents a primary top-down process related to the representation or use of prior beliefs or instead a secondary bottom-up process stemming from imprecise sensory representations at early processing stages. To address this question, we examined interval timing behaviors captured by Bayesian perceptual-inference models. Our data support the notion that excessive influence of prior expectations associated with hallucination propensity is not directly secondary to sensory imprecision and is instead more consistent with a primary top-down process. These results help refine computational theories of psychosis and may contribute to the development of improved intervention targets.