Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control
Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control
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DOI：
10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00372-4
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发表时间：
2002-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bamberger, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwood, MS;Bamberger, JA
西北太平洋国家实验室的工作人员开发了一种在线传感器，用于测量液体或泥浆的密度，该传感器基于固体-流体界面处的纵波反射。本研究的目的是利用剪切波在固液界面的反射，提供一个在线测量粘度以及。这两种测量方法对于许多行业的过程控制都具有重要意义。剪切波反射测量进行了各种液体。通过分析固体（仅0.63 cm厚-与管壁厚度相似）内的多次反射，我们提高了测量的灵敏度。在第六次超声心动图时，灵敏度充分增加，该超声心动图用于液体询问。超声在液体中的剪切波传播取决于液体的粘度和剪切模量。使用轻液体（如水和糖水溶液）的理论和高粘度液体（如硅油）的理论分析数据。结果表明，对于轻质液体，剪切波反射测量询问粘度。然而，对于高粘性液体，剪切波模量主导剪切波反射。由于密度是已知的，所以液体中的剪切波速度可以由剪切波模量确定。结果表明，硅油中的剪切波速度很小，在315 ~ 2389 cm/s之间。剪切波反射测量可能是确定液体中剪切波速度的唯一方法，因为液体中的剪切波是高度衰减的。这些结果表明，根据流体特性，粘度或剪切波速度可以用于过程控制。该传感器有几个新的特点：（1）传感器可以安装在管道或罐壁的一部分，或淹没在一个坦克。(2)该传感器非常紧凑，可以安装在工艺流程中。(3)该传感器可以询问和表征非常衰减的液体或浆液，因为传感器的操作取决于固体和流体之间界面处的反射，而不是通过液体的传输。(4)传感器性能不受流体流速、夹带空气或振动的影响。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
An on-line sensor to measure the density of a liquid or slurry, based on longitudinal wave reflection at the solid-fluid interface, has been developed by the staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The objective of this research is to employ shear wave reflection at the solid-fluid interface to provide an on-line measurement of viscosity as well. Both measurements are of great interest for process control in many industries. Shear wave reflection measurements were conducted for a variety of liquids. By analyzing multiple reflections within the solid (only 0.63 cm thick-similar to pipe wall thickness) we increased the sensitivity of the measurement. At the sixth echo, sensitivity was increased sufficiently and this echo was used for fluid interrogation. Shear wave propagation of ultrasound in liquids is dependent upon the viscosity and the shear modulus. The data are analyzed using the theory for light liquids (such as water and sugar water solutions) and also using the theory for highly viscous liquids (such as silicone oils). The results show that, for light liquids, the shear wave reflection measurements interrogate the viscosity. However, for highly viscous liquids, it is the shear wave modulus that dominates the shear wave reflection. Since the density is known, the shear wave velocity in the liquid can be determined from the shear wave modulus. The results show that shear wave velocities in silicone oils are very small and range from 315 to 2389 cm/s. Shear wave reflection measurements are perhaps the only way that shear wave velocity in liquids can be determined, because the shear waves in liquids are highly attenuated. These results show that, depending on the fluid characteristics, either the viscosity or the shear wave velocity can be used for process control. There are several novel features of this sensor: (1) The sensor can be mounted as part of the wall of a pipeline or tank or submerged in a tank. (2) The sensor is very compact and can be located within the process stream. (3) The sensor can interrogate and characterize very attenuative liquids or slurries because the sensor operation depends upon reflection at the interface between the solid and the fluid, rather than on transmission through a liquid. (4) The sensor performance is not affected by fluid flow rate, entrained air, or vibration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.