Importance of Including Non-European Populations in Large Human Genetic Studies to Enhance Precision Medicine.

Importance of Including Non-European Populations in Large Human Genetic Studies to Enhance Precision Medicine.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-122220-112550
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发表时间:
2022-08-10
期刊:
Annual review of biomedical data science
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基因组医学的一个目标是揭示个体的疾病遗传风险,这通常需要将基因型与表型联系起来的数据,如全基因组关联研究(GWAS)所做的那样。虽然使用多基因风险评分(PRS)等预测工具可能有临床前景,但目前认为,由于在大规模遗传学研究中的代表性不足,非欧洲血统的个体可能无法获得基因组医学的好处。在这里,我们讨论了为什么这种不公平性给基因组医学带来了问题,以及PRS在人群中可转移性低的原因。我们还调查了已发表的GWAS的祖先代表性,并调查了GWAS参与者的祖先多样性估计可能存在偏见。我们强调在非洲扩大遗传研究的重要性,非洲是人类基因组学研究中代表性最低的地区之一,并讨论伦理,资源和技术问题,以公平地推进基因组医学。
One goal of genomic medicine is to uncover an individual’s genetic risk for disease, which generally requires data connecting genotype to phenotype, as done in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). While there may be clinical promise to employing prediction tools such as polygenic risk scores (PRS), it currently stands that individuals of non-European ancestry may not reap the benefits of genomic medicine because of underrepresentation in large-scale genetics studies. Here, we discuss why this inequity poses a problem for genomic medicine and the reasons for the low transferability of PRS across populations. We also survey the ancestry representation of published GWAS and investigate how estimates of ancestry diversity in GWAS participants might be biased. We highlight the importance of expanding genetic research in Africa, one of the most underrepresented regions in human genomics research, and discuss issues of ethics, resources, and technology for equitable advancement of genomic medicine.
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