Survival in Fatal Road Crashes: Body Mass Index, Gender, and Safety Belt Use
Survival in Fatal Road Crashes: Body Mass Index, Gender, and Safety Belt Use
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致命道路交通事故中的生存：体重指数、性别和安全带的使用
作者：
M. Sivak;B. Schoettle;J. Rupp
背景：本研究评估了身体质量指数（BMI）、性别和安全带的使用与致命道路交通事故中驾驶员的生存之间的关系。方法：在11年的时间里，对美国所有不涉及行人、骑自行车者或骑摩托车者的致命交通事故的人口普查数据进行了研究。结果：在造成一人或多人死亡的交通事故中，女性驾驶员的死亡率是男性驾驶员的1.28倍，未系安全带驾驶员的死亡率是系安全带驾驶员的5.43倍。生存能力与BMI的关系取决于驾驶员的性别和安全带的使用。结论：对于男性驾驶员来说，使用安全带时BMI增加是有益的，而不使用安全带时则是有害的。对于系安全带的女司机来说，正常的身体质量指数与最低的死亡几率相关，而身体质量指数的增加和降低都会增加死亡几率。对于不系安全带的女性司机，BMI类别之间没有可靠的趋势。
Background: This study evaluated the associations of body mass index (BMI), gender, and use of safety belts with the survival of drivers involved in fatal road crashes. Method: The census data of all U.S. fatal crashes that did not involve pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists were examined for an 11-year period. Results: If involved in a crash with one or more fatalities, the odds of female drivers being among the fatalities are 1.28 times higher than those of male drivers, and the odds of unbelted drivers being among the fatalities are 5.43 times higher than those of belted drivers. The relationship of survivability to BMI depends on the gender and safety belt use of the driver. Conclusions: For male drivers, increased BMI appears beneficial when safety belts are used but detrimental when not used. For belted female drivers, normal BMI is associated with the lowest odds of being killed, and both increased and decreased BMIs increase the odds. For unbelted female drivers, no reliable trends were present among the BMI categories.