Helpers of the Giant Babax cheat for an immediate reward when they provision the brood
Helpers of the Giant Babax cheat for an immediate reward when they provision the brood
复制标题
巨型巴巴克斯的帮手在提供幼崽时会作弊以立即获得奖励
DOI：
10.1007/s10336-017-1496-x
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Du, Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan, Li-Qing;Da, Xin-Wei;Du, Bo
合作育种是显性育种者与从属育种者之间的一种特殊的合作形式，在合作育种中，辅助育种者的欺骗行为时有发生。由于帮助者的作弊会降低显性育种者对他们的兴趣，所以很难理解为什么显性育种者经常容忍群体中存在作弊者。我们在巨型BabaxBabaxwaddelli中解决了这个问题，这是一个专门在西藏高原繁殖的合作育种者。在雏鸟期，帮工访巢时表现出3种非取食行为：假取食，不取食，模仿送食行为;假取食，向雏鸟送食;竞争性盗寄生，不送食，在他人送食后抢夺雏鸟粪囊。研究发现，帮工的这些不喂食行为具有明显的目的性，就是为了得到雏鸟的粪囊，因此被认为是欺骗行为。对于帮助者的欺骗行为，女饲养员反应消极，男饲养员不予理会，其他帮助者成为帮凶。由于帮手贡献了近70%的育雏供应，育种者从帮手的存在中获得的利益超过了作弊者造成的成本。这可以解释为什么占主导地位的育种者不会将作弊者逐出合作群体。我们认为，短期奖励也可能是一个重要的力量驱动助手在合作育种作弊。
Cooperative breeding is a special form of cooperation between dominant breeders and subordinate helpers, in which cheating by helpers happens occasionally. As cheating by helpers will reduce the interest of dominant breeders in them, it is difficult to understand why dominant breeders often tolerate the presence of cheaters within the group. We addressed this in the Giant BabaxBabax waddelli, a cooperative breeder that breeds exclusively on the Tibetan Plateau. During the nestling period, helpers exhibited three types of non-feeding behaviors when they visited the nest: pseudo-feeding, without food but mimicking food delivery activities; false feeding, delivering plastic debris to nestlings; and contested kleptoparasitism of fecal sacs of nestlings, without delivering food but snatching fecal sacs of nestlings after others delivered food. We found that these non-feeding behaviors of helpers had an obvious aim, to get fecal sacs of nestlings, thus they were considered to be cheating. In response to the cheating of a helper, the female breeder reacted negatively, the male breeder disregarded it, and other helpers became accomplices. Since helpers contributed nearly 70% to brood provisioning, the benefits that breeders obtained from the presence of helpers outweighed the costs caused by the cheaters. This can explain why dominant breeders do not evict cheaters from the cooperative group. We suggest that a short-term reward may be also an important force driving helpers to cheat in cooperative breeding.