Skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT): origins and functions.
Skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT): origins and functions.
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DOI：
10.1038/jid.1983.4
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发表时间：
1983-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Streilein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Streilein
皮肤有一套不同寻常的免疫学要求。它面临着一组专门的病原体和环境化学物质，它们代表着一系列独特的抗原特异性。皮肤受到物理化学压力，如紫外线照射，极大地改变了其免疫学特性。有人认为，大自然为皮肤提供了一组独特的淋巴细胞、网状细胞和有组织的淋巴器官来满足这些特殊的需求。支持皮肤相关淋巴组织(SALT)存在的证据包括：(1)皮肤微环境本身能够接受、处理和呈递标称抗原；(2)位于战略位置的外周淋巴结能够接受来自皮肤的免疫原信号；(3)T淋巴细胞亚群对皮肤及其相关外周节点显示出不同的亲和力；(4)T细胞获得这种亲和力至少部分是由驻留皮肤细胞接收的分化信号决定的，SALT的建立和整合依赖于角质形成细胞、朗格汉斯细胞和免疫活性淋巴细胞，其中每一种细胞对合成都有独特的贡献。它们共同为皮肤提供免疫监控，有效地防止皮肤肿瘤的发展和细胞内病原体的持续感染。在长期接受免疫抑制治疗的患者中，绝大多数非淋巴系恶性肿瘤发生在皮肤内，而不是其他类型的组织。这些数据表明，免疫监视曾被认为是所有躯体组织中的免疫防御操作，但实际上是一种专门针对皮肤的免疫功能，由盐介导。
The skin has an unusual set of immunologic requirements. It is confronted by a specialized set of pathogenic organisms and environmental chemicals that represent a distinctive spectrum of antigenic specificities. Skin is subjected to physicochemical stresses such as irradiation with ultraviolet light that alter dramatically its immunologic properties. it is proposed that nature has provided skin with a unique collection of lymphoid cells, reticular cells, and organized lymphoid organs to deal with these special demands. Evidence in favor of the existence of skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT) includes (1) the cutaneous microenvironment is capable on its own of accepting, processing, and presenting nominal antigen;(2) strategically located peripheral lymph nodes are able to accept immunogenic signals derived from skin;(3) subsets of T lymphocytes display differential affinity for skin and its associated peripheral nodes; and (4) acquisition of this affinity by T cells is determined at least in part by differentiation signals receivedin situfrom resident cutaneous cells, Responsibility for the establishment and integration of SALT rests with keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, and immunocompetent lymphocytes, each of which contributes uniquely to the synthesis. Together they provide skin with immune surveillance that effectively prejudices against the development of cutaneous neoplasms and persistent infection with intracellular pathogens. In patients who have been under long-term immunosuppressive therapy, the large majority of nonlymphoid malignancies arise within the skin, rather than other types of tissues. These data suggest that immune surveillance, once thought to be an immune defense operative in all somatic tissues, is a specialized immune function dedicated to the skin and mediated by SALT.