CENTERING ATTENTION IN DISCOURSE
CENTERING ATTENTION IN DISCOURSE
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DOI：
10.1080/01690969508407091
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BRENNAN, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRENNAN, SE
居中是人们在交谈中协调注意力的一套过程。说话者通过特定的词汇、句法和韵律选择来表示他们的注意力在哪里。这些选择使得话语实体对听话人来说是突出的，也可能表明说话人是否希望听话人的注意力已经集中在相同的实体上。出现了两个问题：说话人使用什么语言手段使一个实体在语篇中突出？演讲者如何重新指代移入和移出注意力中心的话语实体？我用一场篮球比赛的录像来操纵演讲者的注意力中心。发言者倾向于将突出实体称为句子主语。当他们将实体称为句子宾语时，他们更有可能通过逐字重复完整的名词短语而不是代词来重新指代Next。尽管最近提到的策略和世界知识都可以提供足够的信息来唯一地识别代词的所指，但这种情况还是发生了。当说话者代入没有在句法上居中的实体时，他们倾向于通过延长这些代词的持续时间来使它们在韵律上变得突出。
Centering is a set of processes by which people can coordinate their attention during conversation. Speakers signal where their attention is via particular lexical, syntactic and prosodic choices. These choices make discourse entities salient to addressees and may also signal whether speakers expect addressees' attention to be already centered on the same entities. Two questions arise: What linguistic devices do speakers use to make an entity salient in a discourse? And how do speakers re-refer to discourse entities that move in and out of the center of attention? I manipulated speakers' center of attention using a videotaped basketball game. Speakers tended to refer to prominent entities as sentence subjects. When they referred to entities as sentence objects, they were more likely to re-refer next by repeating the full noun phrase verbatim rather than pronominalising. This happened even though both a recency-of-mention strategy and world knowledge would have provided enough information to uniquely identify the referent of a pronoun. When speakers pronominalised entities that had not been centered syntactically, they tended to make them salient prosodically by lengthening the duration of those pronouns.