Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago
Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00177-6
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Buka, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lochner, KA;Kawachi, I;Buka, SL
一些实证研究表明，邻里特征影响健康，大多数研究都集中在邻里剥夺或物理环境的方面，如服务和设施。然而，这些身体特征并不是可能影响健康的社区的唯一特征。邻里关系的重要性还在于其社会组织的性质。本研究探讨社会资本作为一个潜在的邻里特征影响健康。采用横断面研究设计，将美国芝加哥342个社区的45-64岁人群的死亡人数（按种族和性别）与社区社会资本和贫困指标联系起来，利用作为芝加哥社区人类发展项目一部分收集的社区调查数据，我们检验了社区社会资本与死亡率之间的生态关联。我们估计了一个分层广义线性模型，以研究种族和性别特异性死亡率与社会资本的关系。总体而言，邻里社会资本互惠，信任和公民参与的测量与较低的邻里死亡率，调整后的邻里物质匮乏。具体来说，社区社会资本水平较高与社区总死亡率、心脏病死亡率和白色男性和女性的“其他”原因死亡率较低相关，而黑人的相关性较低。然而，社会资本和癌症死亡率之间没有联系。虽然这项研究的结果将社会资本与健康的联系从州一级扩展到了社区一级，但在社会资本广泛应用于改善人口健康之前，还有很多工作要做，包括建立测量标准，并探索社会资本的潜在“缺点”。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Several empirical studies have suggested that neighborhood characteristics influence health, with most studies having focused on neighborhood deprivation or aspects of the physical environment, such as services and amenities. However, such physical characteristics are not the only features of neighborhoods that potentially affect health. Neighborhoods also matter because of the nature of their social organization. This study examined social capital as a potential neighborhood characteristic influencing health. Using a cross-sectional study design which linked counts of death for persons 45-64 years by race and sex to neighborhood indicators of social capital and poverty for 342 Chicago neighborhoods in the USA, we tested the ecological association between neighborhood-level social capital and mortality rates, taking advantage of the community survey data collected as part of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. We estimated a hierarchical generalized linear model to examine the association of race and sex specific mortality rates to social capital. Overall, neighborhood social capital-as measured by reciprocity, trust, and civic participation-was associated with lower neighborhood death rates, after adjustment for neighborhood material deprivation. Specifically, higher levels of neighborhood social capital were associated with lower neighborhood death rates for total mortality as well as death from heart disease and "other" causes for White men and women and, to a less consistent extent, for Blacks. However, there was no association between social capital and cancer mortality. Although, the findings from this study extend the state-level findings linking social capital to health to the level of neighborhoods, much work remains to be carried out before social capital can be widely applied to improve population health, including establishing standards of measurement, and exploring the potential "downsides" of social capital. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.