Global gradients in the distribution of animal polyploids.
Global gradients in the distribution of animal polyploids.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2214070119
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发表时间：
2022-11-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
David, Kyle T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David, Kyle T
全基因组复制在动物进化中起着重要的作用，通常先于主要的辐射和适应性创新。尽管如此，具有多个基因组拷贝（称为多倍体）的动物是罕见的。为了了解多倍体动物形成和生存的因素，我分析了三个动物群体的生物地理数据集：两栖动物、鳍鱼和昆虫。各类群表现出一定的纬度梯度，多倍体物种更有可能出现在高纬度地区。这种梯度似乎主要是由气候周期驱动的，多倍体物种更有可能居住在最近经历过冰川消融或严重温度变化的地区。这一结果证明了多倍体是如何与更新、更极端的环境相关联的，并可能表明基因组复制在促进适应方面的作用。全基因组复制（WGDs）是自然界中最引人注目的突变之一。WGD的作用变化很大，但可以对生物体的表达、细胞型和表型产生深远的影响，从而改变它们的进化轨迹。尽管越来越多的人认识到WGDs在动物进化中的作用，但影响多倍体动物谱系建立和维持的重要因素仍未得到很好的理解。人们提出了许多假设来预测气候和环境如何影响多倍体的发生和进化。为了检验和区分这些假设，我收集了三个动物分支（两栖类、放线翼类和昆虫类）多倍体发生的全球数据集。该数据集包括2223个陆地、淡水和海洋生态区57,905个物种的染色体、系统发育、环境和气候数据。我的分析表明，在所有三个分支中都有很强的纬度梯度，多倍体类群在高纬度地区更频繁地出现。多倍体和二倍体在不同类群间存在显著差异（经Bonferroni校正后方差分析P < 0.05），其中温度变化和冰川作用的影响最为显著。特别是冰川作用似乎是动物多倍体最重要的驱动因素，因为这些模型在进化支之间具有最高的相对可能性。这些结果有助于建立一个进化模型，其中多倍体更广泛的基因组工具包促进了适应和生态弹性，使多倍体能够在新的或快速变化的环境中定居。
Whole genome duplications have played an important role in animal evolution, often preceding major radiations and adaptive novelties. Despite this, animals with multiple genome copies (called polyploids) are rare. To understand what factors contribute to the formation and survival of polyploid animals, I analyzed a biogeographical dataset in three animal groups: amphibians, ray-finned fishes, and insects. Each group exhibited a latitudinal gradient, with polyploid species more likely to occur at higher latitudes. This gradient appears to be largely driven by climate cycles, with polyploid species more likely to inhabit areas that have recently experienced deglaciation or severe temperature changes. This result demonstrates how polyploidy is correlated with newer, more extreme environments and may indicate genome duplication’s role in facilitating adaptation. Whole genome duplications (WGDs) are one of the most dramatic mutations that can be found in nature. The effects of WGD vary dramatically but can have profound impacts on an organism’s expression, cytotype, and phenotype, altering their evolutionary trajectory as a result. Despite the growing appreciation for the contribution of WGDs in animal evolution, the significant factors influencing how polyploid animal lineages are established and maintained are still not well understood. Many hypotheses have been proposed which predict how climate and environment may influence polyploid incidence and evolution. To test and distinguish between these hypotheses, I assembled a global dataset of polyploid occurrences in three animal clades (Amphibia, Actinopterygii, and Insecta). The dataset encompasses chromosomal, phylogenetic, environmental, and climatic data across 57,905 species in 2,223 terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecoregions. My analysis reveals a strong latitudinal gradient in all three clades, with the tendency for polyploid taxa to occur more frequently at higher latitudes. Many variables were significant (phylogenetic ANOVA P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction) between polyploids and diploids across taxa, notably those pertaining to temperature dynamics and glaciation. Glaciation in particular appears to be the most significant driver of polyploidy in animals, as these models had the highest relative likelihoods consistently across clades. These results contribute to a model of evolution wherein the broader genomic toolkit of polyploids facilitates adaptation and ecological resilience, enabling polyploids to colonize new or rapidly changing environments.