Assessment of the trace elements level in urban atmospheric particulate matter and source apportionment in Islamabad, Pakistan
Assessment of the trace elements level in urban atmospheric particulate matter and source apportionment in Islamabad, Pakistan
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DOI：
10.5094/apr.2012.003
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Nazir, Rashida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah, Munir H.;Shaheen, Nazia;Nazir, Rashida
本文研究了城市大气颗粒物中微量元素Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb、Sb和Zn的分布、相关性、来源解析和富集情况。用硝酸和盐酸混合溶液提取总悬浮颗粒物样品，用火焰原子吸收分光光度计定量测定微量元素。然后对估算的元素数据在城市颗粒物中的相互变化进行了评估。大气颗粒物的24 h平均浓度以Fe和Zn为主，其次是Cu、Pb、Co、Cr和Sb， Mn和Cd的浓度最低。并与世界其他地区的TSP和元素水平进行了比较。相关性研究表明，TSP-Fe、Mn-Fe、TSP-Mn、Pb-Mn、Cd-Pb和Co-Zn之间存在较强的相关性。主成分分析和聚类分析表明，汽车尾气排放、工业活动、燃烧过程和矿物粉尘是大气颗粒物的主要污染源。微量元素中Sb、Cd、Zn、Pb受人为活动富集程度较高，Co、Cu在颗粒物样品中也有显著富集。微量元素在大气颗粒物中大部分呈随机分布，具有不同的相关性。将目前的元素水平与世界其他地区报告的元素水平进行比较，表明大气颗粒物中元素的浓度相对较高。不同的人为活动是造成微量元素污染的主要原因，并得到了富集因子的支持。(C)作者2012。本作品在知识共享署名3.0许可下发布。
The present study was conducted to investigate the distribution, correlation, source apportionment and enrichment of trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sb and Zn) in the urban atmospheric particulate matter. The total suspended particulate matter samples were extracted in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid mixture, followed by the quantification of the trace elements on flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The estimated elemental data were then evaluated for their mutual variations in the urban particles. Average 24-h concentrations of Fe and Zn were dominant in the atmospheric particles followed by Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, and Sb, while lowest concentrations were observed for Mn and Cd. The present TSP and elemental levels were also compared with those reported from other areas around the world. The correlation study showed strong relationships between TSP-Fe, Mn-Fe, TSP-Mn, Pb-Mn, Cd-Pb, and Co-Zn. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed automobile emissions, industrial activities, combustion processes and mineral dust as the major pollution sources in the atmospheric particles. Among the trace elements, Sb, Cd, Zn and Pb showed very high enrichment by the anthropogenic activities, while Co and Cu were also significantly enriched in the particulate samples. Most of the trace elements exhibited random distribution with diverse correlations in the atmospheric particles. Comparison of the present elemental levels with those reported from other areas around the world showed relatively elevated concentrations of the elements in the atmospheric particulates. Different anthropogenic activities were found to be mainly responsible for the trace element pollution duly supported by the enrichment factors. (C) Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.