Identification of Two Meloidogyne hapla Genes and an Investigation of Their Roles in the Plant-Nematode Interaction
Identification of Two Meloidogyne hapla Genes and an Investigation of Their Roles in the Plant-Nematode Interaction
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DOI：
10.1094/mpmi-06-16-0107-r
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Elashry, Abdelnaser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gleason, Cynthia;Polzin, Frederik;Elashry, Abdelnaser
根结线虫是一种通过土壤传播的病原体，它们入侵并建立植物根部的取食场所。它们的寄主范围非常广泛，包括大多数维管束植物。在感染敏感宿主的过程中，根结线虫分泌被称为效应器的分子，帮助它们与植物建立亲密的相互作用，同时允许它们逃避或抑制植物的免疫反应。尽管单根结线虫是几种粮食作物的重要害虫，但到目前为止还没有从这种根结线虫物种中鉴定出影响因素。利用已发表的Hapla基因组和蛋白质组，我们已经鉴定和鉴定了两个基因，MhTTL2和Mh265。MhTTL2编码一个预测的分泌型蛋白，含有一个转甲状腺素样蛋白结构域。MhTTL2在线虫寄生过程中表达上调，原位杂交显示MhTTL2在线虫体内表达，提示MhTTL2在寄生过程中对线虫神经系统有一定的作用。我们还研究了基因Mh265。Mh265转录本定位于腹下食管腺。Mh265的表达上调与线虫寄生前和寄生早期的生活期相吻合。当MH265在植物中结构性表达时，它增强了植物对线虫的敏感性。这些转基因植株在flg22诱导的痂沉积中也受到了影响，这表明Mh265正在调节植物的基础免疫反应。
Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne pathogens that invade and establish feeding sites in plant roots. They have an extremely broad host range, including most vascular plants. During infection of a susceptible host, root-knot nematodes secrete molecules called effectors that help them establish an intimate interaction with the plant and, at the same time, allow them to evade or suppress plant immune responses. Despite the fact that Meloidogyne hapla is a significant pest on several food crops, no effectors have been characterized from this root-knot nematode species thus far. Using the published genome and proteome from M. hapla, we have identified and characterized two genes, MhTTL2 and Mh265. MhTTL2 encodes a predicted secreted protein containing a transthyretin-like protein domain. The expression of MhTTL2 was up-regulated during parasitic life stages of the nematode, and in situ hybridization showed that MhTTL2 was expressed in the amphids, suggesting it has a role in the nematode nervous system during parasitism. We also studied the gene Mh265. The Mh265 transcript was localized to the subventral esophageal glands. An upregulation in Mh265 expression coincided with the pre-and early-parasitic life stages of the nematode. When Mh265 was constitutively expressed in plants, it enhanced their susceptibility to nematodes. These transgenic plants were also compromised in flg22-induced callose deposition, suggesting the Mh265 is modulating plant basal immune responses.