THE MOMENTUM OF HUMAN-BEHAVIOR IN A NATURAL SETTING
THE MOMENTUM OF HUMAN-BEHAVIOR IN A NATURAL SETTING
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1990.54-163
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发表时间：
1990-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
NEVIN, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MACE, FC;LALLI, JS;NEVIN, JA
在一个集体家庭中，智力迟钝的成年人收到爆米花或咖啡机来分类塑料餐具。在实验的第1部分中，根据用于分拣一种颜色的餐具的可变间隔60-s时间表和根据用于分拣不同颜色的餐具的可变间隔240-s时间表在多个时间表的连续组件中分配餐具。基线分类率相似，但当同时显示视频节目时，餐具的分类与更高的强化率相关时，更能抵抗分心。在实验的第2部分中，爆米花或咖啡强化剂取决于根据可变间隔60秒时间表对两种颜色的餐具进行分类，但在一个餐具颜色组件期间，根据可变时间30秒时间表独立于分类给予额外的强化剂。基线分类率较低，但视频节目的干扰阻力更大的组件与额外的可变时间的干扰。这些结果表明，分心的阻力取决于在成分刺激的存在下获得的干扰的速率，但独立于在成分刺激的存在下获得的干扰的基线响应速率，但独立于基线响应速率和响应干扰的偶然性。此外，这些结果与鸽子实验室研究中获得的结果相似，表明通过刺激物-干扰物关系确定对变化的抗性并不局限于受控的实验室环境或鸽子独有的。
Adults with mental retardation in a group home received popcorn or coffee reinforcers for sorting plastic dinnerware. In Part 1 of the experiment, reinforcers were dispensed according to a variable-interval 60-s schedule for sorting dinnerware of one color and according to a variable-interval 240-s schedule for sorting dinnerware of a different color in successive components of a multiple schedule. Sorting rates were similar in baseline, but when a video program was shown concurrently, sorting of dinnerware was more resistant to distraction when correlated with a higher rate of reinforcement. In Part 2 of the experiment, popcorn or coffee reinforcers were contingent upon sorting both colors of dinnerware according to variable-interval 60-s schedules, but additional reinforcers were given independently of sorting according to a variable-time 30-s schedule during one dinnerware-color component. Baseline sorting rate was lower but resistance to distraction by the video program was greater in the component with additional variable-time reinforcers. These results demonstrate that resistance to distraction depends on the rate of reinforcers obtained in the presence of component stimuli but is independent of baseline response rate of reinforcers obtained in the presence of component stimuli but is independent of baseline response rates and response-reinforcer contingencies. Moreover, these results are similar to those obtained in laboratory studies with pigeons, demonstrating that the determination of resistance to change by stimulus-reinforcer relations is not confined to controlled laboratory settings or unique to the pigeon.