Reproductive biotechnologies: current status in porcine reproduction
Reproductive biotechnologies: current status in porcine reproduction
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00079-8
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发表时间：
2000-07-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Day, BN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Day, BN
在过去的十年中，相当多的注意力集中在生殖技术的发展上，无论是为了研究目的还是为了更好地控制猪的繁殖。人工授精是一种技术的例子，这种技术已经从早期在欧洲国家的使用继续扩展到美国和加拿大，现在估计大多数母猪都是人工授精的。此外，在猪的基因改造方面已经取得了几项重大的技术进步，人们对利用猪作为特定组织和器官的捐赠者来改善人类健康的可能性产生了兴趣。与此同时，供人类食用的生猪生产系统继续发生重大变化，包括在一些国家将生猪整合为大型综合单位。这些养猪场非常容易接受使用技术来降低劳动力成本，并为提高生产效率奠定基础。因此，医疗领域和养猪业对猪生殖技术的共同兴趣为新技术的开发以及现有技术的实施创造了更多的努力。近十年来，较为迅速的技术进步之一是猪胚胎体外生产（IVP）的进展。从屠宰场收集的卵母细胞中生产大量胚胎，然后在实验室成熟（IVM）和受精（IVF），在开发程序方面取得了重大进展。体外受精的成功刺激了其他领域的研究，这些研究可以通过无需从后备母猪或母猪手术收集胚胎而得到加强。一个例子是结合使用体外受精、按性别分类的精子细胞和胚胎移植来产生预期性别的后代。在相关领域，非手术胚胎移植的仪器最近得到了发展，这一技术取得了重大进展。在胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存方面也取得了类似的成就。这些进展将被回顾，重点是未成熟卵母细胞体外生产胚胎。(C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
During the past decade, considerable attention has been directed toward the development of reproductive technologies for both research purposes and for more controlled swine reproduction. Artificial insemination is an example of a technology that has continued to be expanded from early use in European countries to the USA and Canada where it is now estimated that a majority of the sows bred are artificially inseminated. In addition, several significant technological advancements have been made in the genetic modification of swine and interest has been generated in the possible use of swine as donors of specific tissues and of organs for the improvement of human health. At the same time, the systems for production of swine for human food continue to undergo major changes including, in some countries, the consolidation of swine into large, integrated units. These swine operations are very receptive to the use of technologies to reduce labor costs as well as a basis for increased production efficiency. Therefore, the combined interest in swine reproductive technologies by both the medical field and the swine industry creates an increased effort for the development of new technologies as well as for the implementation of existing ones. One of the more rapid technological advancements this decade has been the progress in in vitro production (IVP) of swine embryos. Major advancements have been made on the development of procedures for production of large numbers of embryos from oocytes collected at slaughter houses which are then matured (IVM) and fertilized (IVF) in the laboratory. Success in IVP has stimulated increased research in other areas that can be enhanced by the availability of embryos without a requirement for surgical collection from gilts or sows. One example is the combined use of IVF, gender-sorted sperm cells, and embryo transfer to produce offspring of a predicted sex. In a related area, instrumentation for non-surgical embryo transfer has recently been developed that results in significant improvement in this technology. Similar achievements have been gained in cryopreservation of embryos by vitrification. These developments will be reviewed with emphasis on the in vitro production of embryos from immature oocytes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.