Modeling "Wrong Side" Failures Caused by Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Electrified Railway Signaling Systems in the UK
Modeling "Wrong Side" Failures Caused by Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Electrified Railway Signaling Systems in the UK
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2023sw003625
复制
发表时间：
2023-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Boteler, D. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patterson, C. J.;Wild, J. A.;Boteler, D. H.
关于空间气象对地面系统影响的大多数研究侧重于供电网络以及石油和天然气管道。尽管众所周知，由于地磁活动，铁路信号基础设施在过去曾受到不利影响，但对这些系统的影响仍然很少涉及。这项研究扩展了最近在英国的交流电气化铁路直流信号地磁效应的建模，分析了“右侧”故障，其中绿色信号变成红色。这里报告的扩展模型允许研究“错误侧”故障，其中红色信号变为绿色：一种潜在更危险的故障模式。使用轨道电路信号的铁路线，就像在这项研究中建模的那样，被分成许多单独的块。研究表明，当列车处于轨道电路闭塞末端时，继电器最容易发生“错边”故障。假设每列火车位于它所占据的街区的末端，结果表明，可能发生“错误侧”故障的地电场阈值低于“正确侧”故障。这种误操作字段级别每10年或20年发生一次。我们还表明，估计的电场所造成的1-100年的事件可能会导致大量的“错误的一面”故障在多个点沿着研究的铁路线，虽然这取决于当时的线路上的列车数量。空间天气是指的条件和变化，在太阳-地球环境，影响空间和地面基础设施。当地磁扰动在铁轨中感应出电流，干扰用于检测列车的电路时，可能会发生铁路信号中断。这项研究建立在一个早期的模型，评估地磁感应电流对英国铁路信号系统的影响，提供了机会，研究新的故障模式。使用轨道电路信号的铁路线路被分成许多单独的块，并且本研究表明，当列车处于轨道电路块的末端时，继电器最容易误操作。结果表明，“错边”故障（潜在的危险类型的误操作），即红色信号变成绿色，可以发生在线路时，地磁风暴的频率约为一个或二十年发生，假设每列列车位于其所占用的块的末端。我们还证明，100年一遇的极端事件可能会导致整个线路在两个方向上的许多误操作，虽然这取决于当时线路上的列车数量，但交流电气化铁路上的直流信号系统模型已经扩展到检查由空间天气引起的“错误侧”故障。当这些线路经受预期每十年或二十年出现一次的电场时，可能发生故障。“错误侧”故障的阈值电场低于“正确侧”故障的阈值电场
The majority of studies into space weather impacts on ground-based systems focus on power supply networks and oil and gas pipelines. The effects on railway signaling infrastructure remain a sparsely covered aspect even though these systems are known to have experienced adverse effects in the past as a result of geomagnetic activity. This study extends recent modeling of geomagnetic effects on DC signaling for AC-electrified railways in the UK that analyzed "right side" failures in which green signals are turned to red. The extended model reported here allows the study of "wrong side" failures where red signals are turned green: a failure mode that is potentially more dangerous. Railway lines using track circuit signaling, like those modeled in this study, are separated into a number of individual blocks. This study shows that a relay is most susceptible to "wrong side" failure when a train is at the end of a track circuit block. Assuming that each train is positioned at the end of the block it is occupying, the results show that the geoelectric field threshold at which "wrong side" failures can occur is lower than for "right side" failures. This misoperation field level occurs on a timescale of once every 10 or 20 years. We also show that the estimated electric field caused by a 1-in-100 years event could cause a significant number of "wrong side" failures at multiple points along the railway lines studied, although this depends on the number of trains on the line at that time.Space weather refers to the conditions and variations in the Sun-Earth environment that affect space- and ground-based infrastructure. Disruption to railway signaling can happen when geomagnetic disturbances induce electric currents in the rails that interfere with the electrical circuits used to detect trains. This research builds upon an earlier model that assessed the effects of geomagnetically induced currents on railway signaling systems in the United Kingdom, providing the opportunity to examine new failure modes. Railway lines using track circuit signaling are separated into a number of individual blocks, and this study shows that a relay is most susceptible to misoperation when a train is at the end of a track circuit block. The results show that "wrong side" failure (the potentially hazardous type of misoperation), where red signals are turned green, can occur in the line when a geomagnetic storm with frequency of about one or two decades occurs, assuming that each train is positioned at the end of the block it is occupying. We also demonstrate that a 1-in-100 years extreme event could cause many misoperations throughout the line in both directions of travel, although this depends on the number of trains on the line at that time.A model of DC signaling systems on AC-electrified railways has been extended to examine "wrong side" failures caused by space weather"Wrong side" failures can occur when these lines are subjected to electric fields that are expected to arise once every one or two decadesThe threshold electric field for "wrong side" failures is lower than for "right side" failures