Chinese Nationalism
Chinese Nationalism
复制标题
中国民族主义
DOI：
10.2307/2950028
复制
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
James R. Townsend
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James R. Townsend
玛丽·赖特（Mary Wright）写道，民族主义是中国革命的"推动力量"，她用一句话概括了现代中国学生中广泛认同的一种信念。[1]从这个角度来看，民族主义的"涨潮"是中国漫长的革命时代中一个不变的因素，也许是唯一的因素。正如这个比喻所暗示的那样，民族主义的沃茨稳步地吞没了一切挡在他们前进道路上的东西--帝国、共和和共产主义机构，精英和民众阶层，沿海和内陆地区，改革派和保守派，国内外的华人。其他的运动和意识形态有起有落，但民族主义贯穿其中。支配这一观点的范式就是我所说的“从文化主义到民族主义的论题”。它充其量是一个松散的范式，没有单一的来源或明确的表述，但它的基本假设弥漫在现代中国的学术文献中。其核心命题是，一套被称为“文化主义”的思想统治着传统中国，与现代民族主义格格不入，只有在帝国主义和西方思想的冲击下才屈服于新的民族主义思维方式。现代中国的历史，就是民族主义取代文化主义，成为中国人对自己身份和世界地位的主流看法的历史。因为这是一个集体文化和政治身份的转变，这是一个漫长而痛苦的过程，在现代的所有时期和分裂中都留下了印记，并将继续如此。
Nationalism was the 'moving force' of the Chinese revolution, wrote Mary Wright, capturing in a phrase a conviction widely shared among students of modern China.1 In this perspective, a 'rising tide' of nationalism is a constant factor, perhaps the only one, in China's long revolutionary era. As the metaphor suggests, the waters of nationalism steadily engulf all that stands in their path imperial, Republican, and Communist institutions, elite and popular classes, coastal and interior regions, reformist and conservative factions, Chinese at home and abroad. Other movements and ideologies wax and wane, but nationalism permeates them all. The paradigm that governs this perspective is what I call the 'culturalism to nationalism thesis'. It is a loose paradigm at best and has no single source or definitive formulation, but its underlying assumptions pervade the academic literature on modern China. The core proposition is that a set of ideas labelled 'culturalism' dominated traditional China, was incompatible with modem nationalism and yielded only under the assault of imperialism and Western ideas to a new nationalist way of thinking. The history of modem China, then, is one in which nationalism replaces culturalism as the dominant Chinese view of their identity and place in the world. Because this was a transformation of collective cultural and political identity, itwas a long and traumatic process that left its mark, and continues to do so, on all periods and divisions within the modern era.