Financing Politics: A Global View
Financing Politics: A Global View
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政治融资：全球视野
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Pinto
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Pinto
民主选举和民主施政既有崇高的理想，也常常有可疑甚至肮脏的做法。竞选活动、政党组织、压力集团和广告都要花钱。一定是从什么地方找到的。为政治生活提供资金是必要的，也是一个问题。关于竞选和政党财务的新法律颁布的频率证明了许多现有的规章和补贴制度的失败。在地球仪的某些地方，几乎每个月都会爆出新的政治献金丑闻。1995年在比利时，威利·克拉斯被迫辞去北约秘书长一职，这是一件耸人听闻的事情，始于四年前，当时比利时社会党的一位领导人安德烈·库尔斯（Andre Cools）在自家门口被枪杀，原因是他参与了一项计划，法国和意大利的军火制造商向比利时社会党提供政治捐款，以换取军事合同。2000年秋天，在乌克兰，网络记者格奥尔基·贡加泽（Georgi Gongadze）丧生，部分原因是他一直在调查有关商业寡头参与政治融资腐败交易的指控。尽管来自世界各地的类似故事层出不穷，尽管学术研究越来越多，但政治融资及其滥用仍然笼罩在神秘之中。围绕它们的许多常见的概念是未经证实的或错误的。部分原因是西伦敦布鲁内尔大学政治学高级研究员迈克尔·平托-杜辛斯基（Michael Pinto-Duschinsky）担任国际政治学协会政治金融和政治腐败研究委员会主席。他是世界民主运动的指导委员会和国际选举制度基金会（IFES）的董事会成员，并就竞选和政党财务问题向伦敦的选举委员会、欧盟和美国国际开发署提供咨询。
Democratic elections and democratic governance involve a mixture of high ideals and, all too often, dubious or even sordid practices. Election campaigns, political party organizations, pressure groups, and advertising all cost money. This must be found from somewhere. The financing of political life is a necessity—and a problem. The frequency with which new laws concerning campaign and party finance are enacted is testimony to the failure of many existing systems of regulations and subsidies. Hardly a month goes by without a new scandal involving political money breaking out in some part of the globe. In Belgium in 1995, Willi Claes was obliged to resign as secretary-general of NATO amid a lurid affair which had begun four years earlier when a fellow leader of the Belgian Socialists, Andre Cools, was shot to death outside his home because of his involvement in a scheme in which French and Italian arms manufacturers made political contributions to the Belgian Socialists in return for military contracts. In Ukraine in the fall of 2000, online journalist Georgi Gongadze lost his life in part because he had been looking into allegations that business oligarchs were involved in corrupt dealings related to political financing. Despite a stream of stories like these from around the world, and despite an increasing flow of academic studies, political financing and the abuses thereof remain shrouded in mystery. Many commonly heard notions surrounding them are unproven or wrong. This is partly because Michael Pinto-Duschinsky, senior research fellow in politics at Brunel University in West London, chairs the International Political Science Association’s Research Committee on Political Finance and Political Corruption. He serves on the steering committee of the World Movement for Democracy and on the board of the International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES), and he advises the Electoral Commission in London, the European Union, and the U.S. Agency for International Development on issues surrounding campaign and party finance.