Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 IIIB on Creeping Bentgrass Using an Antifungal Pseudomonas fluorescens HP72 and Its Monitoring in Fields
Biological Control of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 IIIB on Creeping Bentgrass Using an Antifungal Pseudomonas fluorescens HP72 and Its Monitoring in Fields
复制标题
抗真菌荧光假单胞菌HP72对匍匐翦股颖丝核菌AG2-2 IIIB的生物防治及田间监测
DOI：
10.3186/jjphytopath.63.437
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Oyaizu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Murakami;Kanzaki Ken;K. Okada;S. Matsumoto;H. Oyaizu
从草坪草及其伴生土壤中分离出具有抗真菌活性的细菌。其中一株荧光假单胞菌（HP72）被鉴定为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens），具有较强的抗真菌活性，被选为高尔夫球场草坪病原菌生物防治的候选菌株。为监测土壤中的细菌而建立的计数方法是基于对菌株HP72非常特异性的DNA片段（约800个碱基对）的检测。FIA-PCR和MPN-PCR方法在模型接种试验中取得了很好的结果，并应用于室内sod和田间存活试验。由于在实验土壤中没有检测到与菌株HP72具有相同DNA片段的本地细菌背景，因此很容易列举菌株HP72。当土壤温度低于35°C时，细菌存活至少20天（每克土壤和根约105 cfu）。然而，如果土壤温度每天升高2小时，高于43℃，细菌在7天内完全死亡。接种后5 d，草皮根部的菌株HP72占荧光假单胞菌总数的比例增加，至少20 d高于荧光假单胞菌总数的80%。在每个温室试验中，在接种枯丝核菌前用HP72接种匍匐曲草的发病率明显低于单独接种时。HP72的防治效果与一种广泛使用的异丙硫烷-氟托氨杀菌剂相当。
Bacteria which show antifungal activity were isolated from roots of turfgrass and associated soil. Among the bacteria, a fluorescent pseudomonad (strain HP72) which was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens showed strong antifungal activity and was selected as a candidate for biological control of golf course turfgrass pathogens. Enumeration methods, established to monitor the bacteria in soil, were based on the detection of a DNA fragment (ca. 800 base pairs) which was very specific to strain HP72. The methods called FIA-PCR and MPN-PCR gave very good results in a model inoculation test and were applied to laboratory sod and field survival experiments. Because a background of indigenous bacteria having the same DNA fragment as strain HP72 was not detected in soils used for these experiments, strain HP72 was easily enumerated. When soil temperature was lower than 35°C, the bacteria survived for at least 20 days (ca. 105 cfu per gram soil and roots). However, if soil temperature rose higher than 43°C for 2hr per day, the bacteria died completely within 7 days. The ratio of strain HP72 to the total fluorescent pseudomonads on turfgrass roots increased up to 5 days after inoculation and was higher than 80% of total fluorescent pseudomonads for at least 20 days. In each greenhouse experiment, creeping bentgrass developed significantly less disease when inoculated with HP72 before inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani than when inoculated with the pathogen alone. The level of control provided by HP72 was as good as that by a widely used isoprothiolane-flutolanil fungicide.