Risk factors for prevalence of pig parasitoses in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
Risk factors for prevalence of pig parasitoses in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.08.006
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发表时间：
2015-09-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Johansen, Maria Vang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kabululu, Mwemezi Lutakyawa;Ngowi, Helena Aminiel;Johansen, Maria Vang
开展了一项横断面研究，以确定坦桑尼亚Mbeya地区Mbozi和Mbeya（农村）地区小农养猪常见体内和体外寄生虫流行的危险因素。随机抽取16个村220户，每区8户，共482头生猪进行检验。猪带绦虫囊虫病检出率为11.5%，胃肠线虫病检出率为63.7%，体外寄生虫检出率为21.2%。检出线虫卵为圆形线虫（食道口线虫和毛圆线虫）、猪蛔虫、猪毛线虫和ransomi圆形线虫，分别为57.4%、17.5%、5.3%和1.1%。检出4类体外寄生虫，分别为虱子（猪血蜱）、蜱（鼻头蜱、羊角蜱、血蜱和嗜肉蜱）、蚤（犬栉头螨）和螨（猪疥螨和叶状蠕形螨），患病率分别为19.1%、2.1%、0.4%和1.2%。Mbeya（农村）区的猪患猪囊虫病的几率较高（OR=2.63, 95% CI:[1.22-5.55]）。猪圈卫生差和不常进行抗寄生虫治疗被认为是线虫感染流行的危险因素（OR=1.95[1.09-3.52]和OR=1.78[1.06-2.94]）。在猪圈卫生差（OR=4.20[2.54-6.62]）和饲料质量差（OR=3.7[1.66-8.33]）的情况下，高线虫负荷的几率增加。最近3个月内未使用抗寄生虫药物的猪体外寄生虫（OR=4.0[1.78-9.09]）和虱子感染（OR=8.33[1.96-14.281）的几率高于使用抗寄生虫药物的猪。这项研究表明，寄生虫病是Mbeya地区小农猪的主要负担，主要危险因素包括不经常进行抗寄生虫治疗、猪圈卫生状况差和饲料质量差。需要具有成本效益的干预策略来改善猪肉生产，保障猪的福利，并确保供人类食用的猪肉安全。(C) 2015年Elsevier B.V.出版
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine risk factors for prevalence of common endo- and ectoparasites of pigs kept by smallholder farmers in Mbozi and Mbeya (Rural) districts of Mbeya Region, in Tanzania. A total of 482 pigs from 220 households of 16 villages, eight in each district were randomly selected and examined. Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis was 11.5%, gastrointestinal nematodes 63.7% and ectoparasites 21.2% based on Ag-ELISA, McMaster technique and full body searches/ear scrapings, respectively. Nematode eggs identified were strongyles (Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp.), Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis and Strongyloides ransomi with prevalence of 57.4%, 17.5%, 5.3% and 1.1%, respectively. Four groups of ectoparasites were identified, i.e. lice (Haematopinus suis), ticks (Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and Boophilus spp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) and mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis and Demodex phylloides), with prevalence of 19.1%, 2.1%, 0.4%, and 1.2%, respectively. Pigs in Mbeya (Rural) District had higher odds for porcine cysticercosis (OR=2.63, 95% CI: [1.22-5.55]). Poor pen hygiene and infrequent antiparasitic treatment were identified to be risk factors for prevalence of nematode infections (OR=1.95 [1.09-3.52] and OR=1.78 [1.06-2.94], respectively). The odds for high nematode burdens increased in cases of poor pen hygiene (OR=4.20 [2.54-6.62]) and poor feed quality (OR=3.7 [1.66-8.33]). Pigs not treated with antiparasitic drugs within the last three months had higher odds for ectoparasite (OR=4.0 [1.78-9.09]) and lice infestations (OR=8.33 [1.96-14.281) than treated pigs. This study has shown that parasitoses constitute a major burden for smallholder pigs in Mbeya Region and major risk factors included infrequent antiparasitic treatment, poor pen hygiene and poor feed quality. Cost-effective intervention strategies are needed to improve pork production, secure pig welfare and ensure safe pork for human consumption. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.