THE ECONOMICS OF DENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE BERLIN WALL
THE ECONOMICS OF DENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE BERLIN WALL
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DOI：
10.3982/ecta10876
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Wolf, Nikolaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M.;Redding, Stephen J.;Wolf, Nikolaus
本文建立了一个城市内部结构的定量模型，该模型以聚集力和分散力为特征，并包含任意数量的异质城市街区。由于通勤决策的随机冲击，该模型仍然易于处理和服从实证分析，从而产生通勤流的重力方程。为了从结构上估计集聚和分散力，我们使用了1936年、1986年和2006年柏林数千个城市街区的数据，以及城市分裂和统一的外生变化。我们估计大量的和高度本地化的生产和居住的外部性。我们发现，模型与估计的聚集参数可以解释定性和定量的城市结构的变化。我们展示了我们的定量框架如何用于对城市内经济活动组织的变化进行反事实分析，以应对交通网络的变化。
This paper develops a quantitative model of internal city structure that features agglomeration and dispersion forces and an arbitrary number of heterogeneous city blocks. The model remains tractable and amenable to empirical analysis because of stochastic shocks to commuting decisions, which yield a gravity equation for commuting flows. To structurally estimate agglomeration and dispersion forces, we use data on thousands of city blocks in Berlin for 1936, 1986, and 2006 and exogenous variation from the city's division and reunification. We estimate substantial and highly localized production and residential externalities. We show that the model with the estimated agglomeration parameters can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the observed changes in city structure. We show how our quantitative framework can be used to undertake counterfactuals for changes in the organization of economic activity within cities in response, for example, to changes in the transport network.