OPPORTUNISTIC GROUP FORMATION
OPPORTUNISTIC GROUP FORMATION
复制标题
机会主义集团的形成
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Mizoguchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mitsuru Ikeda;Shogo Go;R. Mizoguchi
1.引言事实上，反思和外化的一个人的理解是有效的学习方式已被广泛接受的教育领域。因此，许多努力已经投入到与反思和外化相关的各种研究主题[1]。例如，Kashihara和他的同事开发了一种智能自我解释支持系统，称为SEA，并证明它具有预期的效果。SEA通过让学习者使用设计良好的图形界面将他们的理解外化为图形表示，并通过对自我解释过程提供合理的指导，来引导学习者更好地理解[2]。学习动机理论也与反思和外化有着密切的联系。Hirashima和他的同事们开发了一个具有强调学习者理解缺陷功能的可视化物理模拟器，并表明该方法可以充分激发学习者对自己的理解进行反思和外化的动机[3]。另一方面，CSCL（Computer Supported Collaborative Learning，计算机支持的协作学习）的先驱研究[4]也表明，与计算机学习同伴的互动能够促进学习者在外化/自我反思过程中的动机。此后，基于“教中学”、“观中学”等与反思和外化密切相关的教育原则的CSCL研究，近年来引起了众多研究者的兴趣。从教育实践的角度来看，这些原则当然没有什么特别的独创性。例如，在教室里进行小组学习是一种流行的教育方式。CSCL的创新之处主要体现在利用高性能网络技术和多媒体技术提供丰富的交流工具，以及基于协作学习的理解支持
1. INTRODUCTION The fact that reflection and externalization of one's understanding are effective ways of learning has been widely accepted in the field of education. Thus, much effort has been devoted to the various research subjects related to the reflection and externalization [1]. Kashihara and his colleagues, for example, have developed an intelligent self-explanation support system, called SEA, and proved it had the desired effect. SEA guides learners toward better understanding by letting them to externalize their understanding as diagrammatic representation using well-designed graphical interface and by giving reasonable guidance on self-explanation process [2]. The theory on the motivation of learning also has close relation to reflection and externalization. Hirashima and his colleagues have developed a visual physics simulator with a function to lay emphasis on the flaw of learner's understanding and shown that the method szuccessfully gets learners to motivated to make reflection and externalization on their own understanding [3]. On the other hand, the pioneer study of CSCL (Computer Supported Collaborative learning) [4] also showed that interaction with computer learning companions can promote leaners' motivation in externa-lization /self-reflection process. Since then study on CSCL based on the educational principles closely related to the reflection and externalization, such as, "Learning by teaching" and "Learning by observing" has been attracting the interest of many researchers in these years. Needless to say, such principles have no special originality from viewpoint of practice of education. Group learning in a classroom, for example, is one of popular ways of education. The innovation originated in CSCL could be found mainly in rich communication aids with high-performance network technology and multimedia technology, or understanding support of collaborative learning based