Land subsidence and earth fissures in south-central and southern Arizona, USA
Land subsidence and earth fissures in south-central and southern Arizona, USA
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DOI：
10.1007/s10040-015-1329-z
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Conway, Brian D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Conway, Brian D.
自20世纪40年代以来，由于地下水超采引起的地面沉降一直是美国亚利桑那州中南部和南部的一个持续问题。第一个由于地下水抽取过多而导致的地裂缝是在20世纪50年代初在皮卡乔附近发现的。在该州的一些地区，地下水位下降超过150米，导致了广泛的地面沉降和大地裂缝。在西部大都市凤凰城和埃洛伊，都有超过5.7米的地面沉降记录。亚利桑那州水资源部自2002年以来一直在使用干涉合成孔径雷达（干涉合成孔径雷达）监测地面沉降，自1998年以来一直在使用全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）。ADWR干涉合成孔径雷达项目已经确定了超过25个独立的地面沉降特征，覆盖面积超过7，300 km（2）。利用干涉合成孔径雷达数据结合地下水位数据集，ADWR能够监测地面沉降地区，并确定可能需要额外监测的地区。一个特别值得关注的领域是亚利桑那州东南部的威尔考克斯地下水盆地，这是本文的重点。该地区正在经历快速的地下水下降，在2005 - 2014年期间高达32.1米（亚利桑那州最大的地面沉降率-高达12厘米/年），以及大量的地裂缝。亚利桑那州地下水位的下降对未来的地下水供应和减轻与这些下降相关的地面沉降都是一个挑战。ADWR的干涉合成孔径雷达项目将继续成为监测地下水过量抽取导致的地面沉降的关键工具。
Land subsidence due to groundwater overdraft has been an ongoing problem in south-central and southern Arizona (USA) since the 1940s. The first earth fissure attributed to excessive groundwater withdrawal was discovered in the early 1950s near Picacho. In some areas of the state, groundwater-level declines of more than 150 m have resulted in extensive land subsidence and earth fissuring. Land subsidence in excess of 5.7 m has been documented in both western metropolitan Phoenix and Eloy. The Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) has been monitoring land subsidence since 2002 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and since 1998 using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The ADWR InSAR program has identified more than 25 individual land subsidence features that cover an area of more than 7,300 km(2). Using InSAR data in conjunction with groundwater-level datasets, ADWR is able to monitor land subsidence areas as well as identify areas that may require additional monitoring. One area of particular concern is the Willcox groundwater basin in southeastern Arizona, which is the focus of this paper. The area is experiencing rapid groundwater declines, as much as 32.1 m during 2005-2014 (the largest land subsidence rate in Arizona State-up to 12 cm/year), and a large number of earth fissures. The declining groundwater levels in Arizona are a challenge for both future groundwater availability and mitigating land subsidence associated with these declines. ADWR's InSAR program will continue to be a critical tool for monitoring land subsidence due to excessive groundwater withdrawal.