DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CHILDRENS AWARENESS OF STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS
DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CHILDRENS AWARENESS OF STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS
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DOI：
10.2307/1130925
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发表时间：
1989-12-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
RUBLE, DN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALTSHULER, JL;RUBLE, DN
对 3 个年龄层（5-6 1/2、7 1/2-9 和 10-12 岁）的儿童进行了访谈，以确定他们对应对策略的自发建议，这些策略旨在管理因等待所需对象（正价）而引起的挫败感和在无法控制的情况下因等待不愉快事件（负价）而引起的恐惧。根据成人应对文献中讨论的从接近到回避技术的连续体，受试者的反应被分为几类。 回避策略是人们关注的主要焦点，被进一步分为 4 种不同的形式。与对儿童在更可控的情况下的应对方式的调查相反，接近策略很少被提及。所建议的认知分心策略的比例随着年龄的增长而增加，但所有年龄段的儿童最常建议的是行为分心策略，并且在不同年龄段之间没有显着差异。对于负价情景，以及在负价情景中，故事可能对幼儿来说压力最大，发展差异尤其明显。sbd.尝试一下。研究结果讨论了认知干扰而非行为干扰的年龄差异的可能原因，以及它们对儿童应对无法控制的压力的能力的影响。
Children at 3 age levels (5-6 1/2, 7 1/2-9, and 10-12 years) were interviewed to determine their spontaneous suggestions of coping strategies designed to manage frustration caused by waiting for a desired object (positive valence) and fear caused by waiting for an unpleasant event (negative valence) in uncontrollable situations. Subjects'' responses were grouped into categories based on coping techniques discussed in the adult coping literature on continuum from approach to avoidance techniques. The avoidance tactics, the main focus of interest, were further divided into 4 distinct forms. In contrast to investigations of children''s coping in more controllable situations, approach strategies were very infrequently mentioned. An age increase was found in the proportion of cognitive distraction strategies suggested, but behavioral distraction strategies were most frequently suggested by children at all age levels and did not differ significantly across age. The developmental differences were particularly evident for the negative valence scenarios and, within the negative valence scenarios, for the story likely to be the most stressful to young children.sbd.getting a shot. The results are discussed in terms of possible reasons for age differences in cognitive but not behavioral distraction and their implications for children''s ability to cope with uncontrollable stress.