ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOS AND ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS IN THE LOS-ANGELES BASIN OF CALIFORNIA, 1987-1990
ECOLOGY OF MOSQUITOS AND ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS IN THE LOS-ANGELES BASIN OF CALIFORNIA, 1987-1990
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jmedent/29.4.582
复制
发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
HARDY, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
REISEN, WK;MILBY, MM;HARDY, JL
圣路易斯脑炎（SLE）病毒已在加州的洛杉矶盆地建立，在那里它很可能是通过在公园-河岸栖息地的跗库蚊和雀形目鸟类之间的水平传播来维持的。病毒传播也被检测到在低水平的住宅栖息地的哨兵鸡的血清转化率不高。除3月和4月外，所有月份均记录SLE病毒活动。库蚊基于升高的田间感染率（0.17感染雌性/1，000测试）、在时间和空间上伴随增加的SLE病毒活性、载体能力和载体能力的种群丰度，将跗跖确定为主要载体。斑鸠Dyar也可能是重要的SLE病毒的水平维持，因为这个物种是一个有效的实验室载体，经常喂养雀形目鸟类，并有现场感染率（0.15每1,000雌性）与Cx。跗骨然而，捕获成年雌性的困难排除了Cx的评估。这是因为可能低估了这种病毒的丰度，而且对相对较少的雌性进行了病毒检测。虽然CX。quinquefasciatus Say是住宅栖息地中最丰富的物种（占CO2捕集器总捕获量的85%以上），偶尔以人类为食（占测试总量的0.6%），该物种被认为是次要的，因为现场感染率低（每1，000只雌性动物中有0.03只），并且在实验室载体能力实验中很少有雌性动物感染和传播SLE病毒。尽管红胸库蚊在沼泽栖息地以人类为食（占总检测量的5%），但该物种很少以鸟类为食（12%），并且在载体能力实验中对SLE病毒感染难治;因此，不认为它是SLE病毒的载体。未来的SLE病毒监测和蚊虫控制计划应针对Cx。tarsalis人口。
St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus has become established in the Los Angeles Basin of California, where it most likely is maintained by horizontal transmission among Culex tarsalis Coquillett and passerine birds in park-riparian habitat. Viral transmission also was detected at low levels in residential habitat by the infrequent seroconversion of sentinel chickens. SLE virus activity was documented in all months except March and April. Cx. tarsalis was incriminated as the primary vector, based on elevated field infection rates (0.17 infected females per 1,000 tested), population abundance concomitant in time and space with increased SLE virus activity, vector competence, and vectorial capacity. Culex stigmatosoma Dyar also may be important in the horizontal maintenance of SLE virus because this species was an efficient laboratory vector, fed frequently on passeriform birds, and had field infection rates (0.15 females per 1,000) comparable with Cx. tarsalis. However, difficulty in trapping adult females precluded the assessment of Cx. stigmatosoma because abundance may have been underestimated and comparatively few females were tested for virus. Although Cx. quinquefasciatus Say was the most abundant species in residential habitats (>85% of total catch at CO2 traps) where it occasionally fed on humans (0.6% of total tested), this species was considered to be of secondary importance because field infection rates were low (0.03 females per 1,000) and few females became infected and transmitted SLE virus in laboratory vector competence experiments. Although Culex erythrothorax Dyar fed on humans in marsh habitat (5% of total tested), this species infrequently fed on birds (12%) and was refractory to SLE virus infection in vector competence experiments; therefore, it was not considered a vector of SLE virus. Future SLE virus surveillance and mosquito control programs should be directed toward Cx. tarsalis populations.