Quantitative Genetics of Locomotor Speed and Endurance in the Lizard Lacerta vivipara
Quantitative Genetics of Locomotor Speed and Endurance in the Lizard Lacerta vivipara
复制标题
胎生蜥蜴运动速度和耐力的定量遗传学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. Clobert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Sorci;J. Swallow;T. Garland;J. Clobert
我们使用定量遗传分析来检验欧洲蜥蜴种群中运动速度和耐力之间的权衡假设，这是长期人口统计学研究的主题。我们估计了最大冲刺速度、跑步机耐力和尾长的遗传力，这是一个可能影响运动能力的形态测量性状，以及这些性状之间的表型、遗传和环境相关性。怀孕的雌性在野外被捕获，并在标准化的条件下被关押在实验室中，直到分娩；然后对它们的春季特征进行测量。在进行遗传分析之前，我们使用多元回归的方法来剔除这些协变量的影响，如体型(质量和鼻孔长度)、水坝年龄以及水坝在开垦前被圈养的时间长度。当我们检查残差性状时，遗传力很低，在统计上对速度没有显著意义，但在耐力(0.46)和尾长(0.51)方面相对较高。性状之间的表型、遗传或环境相关性在统计学上均不显著。因此，我们没有发现速度和耐力之间权衡的证据；这些结果与之前两项关于有鳞爬行动物(吊袜蛇Thamnopits sirtalis和栅栏蜥蜴Scelopus ocsidentalis)的研究报告一致。速度和耐力之间没有负的遗传相关性，这表明运动能力的这些方面相对自由地独立进化，因此自然选择可以同时提高速度和耐力。然而，到目前为止，与其他鳞类相比，所研究的物种具有较低到中等的速度和耐力能力。基于生理的权衡--例如，由肌肉纤维类型的组成引起的权衡--应该更有可能存在于具有高速度和/或耐力能力的物种中。
We used quantitative genetic analyses to test the hypothesis of a trade-of between locomotor speed and endurance in a population of the European lizard Lacerta vivipara, which is the subject of long-term demographic studies. We estimated the heritability of maximal sprint speed, treadmill endurance, and tail length, a morphometric trait that may afect locomotor performance, as well asphenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between these traits. Gravid females were captured in the field and held in the laboratory under standardized conditions until giving birth; traits were then measured on their ofspring. Prior to genetic analyses, we used multiple regressions to remove the efects of such covariates as body size (mass and snout-vent length), dam age, and length of time dams were held in captivity prior toparturition. When we examined the residual characters, heritability was low and statistically nonsignficant for speed but relatively high for both endurance (0.46) and tail length (0.51). None of the phenotypic, genetic, or environmental correlations between traits was statistically significant. Thus, we found no evidence for a trade-off between speed and endurance; these results are consistent with those reported in two previous studies of squamate reptiles (the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis and the fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis). The lack of a negative genetic correlation between speed and endurance suggests that these aspects of locomotor abilities are relatively free to evolve independently, such that natural selection could increase both speed and endurance. However, the species studied to date have low to moderate capacities for speed and endurance, as compared with other squamates. Physiologically based trade-offs-for example, those caused by the composition ofmuscle fiber types-should be more likely to exist in species that have high capacities for speed and/or endurance.