Why infectious disease research needs community ecology.
Why infectious disease research needs community ecology.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1259504
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发表时间：
2015-09-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fenton A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson PT;de Roode JC;Fenton A
传染病通常是由多个物种之间的相互作用和跨越嵌套的生物组织水平而出现的。埃博拉病毒、人类疟疾和蝙蝠白鼻综合征等多种多样的威胁表明，需要从机制上理解新出现的感染背后的生态相互作用。我们描述了如何在社区生态学的最新进展，可以通过解决当代疾病研究的挑战。这些分析工具可以识别多个主机，寄生虫和载体的复杂组合的控制因素，并揭示过程如何从单个主机跨尺度连接到区域。它们还可以确定个体，物种和区域之间异质性的驱动因素，以帮助控制策略的目标。我们提供的例子，这些原则已经加强了疾病管理，并说明如何可以进一步扩展。
Infectious diseases often emerge from interactions among multiple species and across nested levels of biological organization. Threats as diverse as Ebola virus, human malaria, and bat white-nose syndrome illustrate the need for a mechanistic understanding of the ecological interactions underlying emerging infections. We describe how recent advances in community ecology can be adopted to address contemporary challenges in disease research. These analytical tools can identify the factors governing complex assemblages of multiple hosts, parasites, and vectors, and reveal how processes link across scales from individual hosts to regions. They can also determine the drivers of heterogeneities among individuals, species, and regions to aid targeting of control strategies. We provide examples where these principles have enhanced disease management and illustrate how they can be further extended.