Encounter rates and swimming behavior of pause‐travel and cruise larval fish predators in calm and turbulent laboratory environments
Encounter rates and swimming behavior of pause‐travel and cruise larval fish predators in calm and turbulent laboratory environments
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在平静和动荡的实验室环境中暂停旅行和巡航幼鱼捕食者的遭遇率和游泳行为
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发表时间：
1995
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通讯作者：
T. Kiørboe
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作者：
B. MacKenzie;T. Kiørboe
我们观察了自由游动的鳕鱼 (Gadus nzorhua) 和鲱鱼 (Clupea harengus) 幼虫在平静和动荡 (e = -7.4 x 10 -8 m2 s3) 实验室环境中在限制和满足 Acartia tonsa 猎物丰度的情况下的摄食和游泳行为。对于两个体型大小的鳕鱼来说，在食物丰度较低的情况下，湍流中的攻击位置率（未饱足的幼虫遇到猎物的概率的衡量标准）明显高于平静的水域。当猎物越丰富时，平静水域和汹涌水域中鳕鱼攻击位置率的差异要小得多。湍流水域中鲱鱼幼虫的攻击位置率高于平静水域，但差异不显着。游泳和暂停行为的种间差异与两个物种使用的猎物搜索策略的差异有关（鳕鱼：暂停旅行；鲱鱼：巡航）。我们使用了新开发的针对平静和动荡环境中的暂停旅行捕食者的搜索模型，以比较使用巡航和暂停旅行搜索策略的捕食者的遭遇率。根据各自的搜索模型估计，在平静和低湍流水域中，鳕鱼和鲱鱼幼虫的遭遇率相似；在高湍流水平下，暂停旅行模型预测的遭遇率比巡航模型更高。就猎物遭遇率而言，鳕鱼幼虫比鲱鱼幼虫更能从湍流运动中受益。然而，在充分评估湍流对幼鱼摄食率的总体影响之前，需要通过实验检查除猎物搜索策略（例如猎物捕获成功）之外的幼鱼行为的各个方面。
We observed the feeding and swimming behavior of freely swimming cod (Gadus nzorhua) and herring (Clupea harengus) larvae in calm and turbulent (e = -7.4 x 10 -8 m2 s3) laboratory environments at limiting and satiating abundances of Acartia tonsa prey. Attack position rates (a measure of prey encounter rate in unsatiated larvae) were significantly higher in turbulent than in calm water at low food abundances for two size groups of cod. The difference in cod attack position rate between calm and turbulent water was much less when prey was more abundant. Attack position rates of herring larvae were higher in turbulent water than in calm water, but the difference was not significant. Interspecific differences in swimming and pausing behavior were related to differences in prey search strategy used by the two species (cod: pause-travel; herring: cruise). We used a newly developed search model for pause-travel predators in calm and turbulent environments to compare encounter rates for predators using cruise and pause-travel search strategies. Encounter rates for cod and herring larvae, estimated with respective search models, were similar in calm and low turbulence water; at high turbulence levels, the pause-travel model predicts higher encounter rates than does the cruise model. In terms of prey encounter rate, cod larvae benefit more from turbulent motion than do herring larvae. However, aspects of larval behavior other than prey search strategy (e.g. prey capture success) need to be examined experimentally before the overall effects of turbulence on larval fish feeding rates can be fully evaluated.