The development of visual preferences for direct versus averted gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta).
The development of visual preferences for direct versus averted gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta).
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幼年猕猴（Macaca mulatta）对直接凝视与回避凝视面孔的视觉偏好的发展。
DOI：
10.1002/dev.21421
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Parr,LisaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muschinski,Jana;Feczko,Eric;Brooks,JennaM;Collantes,Marie;Heitz,ThomasR;Parr,LisaA
人类和非人类灵长类动物都倾向于用直接凝视的方式看脸。在人类中，这种偏好在出生后不久就会出现，但对猴子凝视偏好的发展知之甚少。这项研究使用红外线眼球跟踪技术，跟踪了幼猴从出生到6个月大时凝视偏好的发展。虽然在第一周没有出现，但与回避的凝视面孔相比，人们对直接凝视的强烈偏好迅速出现，在2个月左右达到顶峰。当观察眼睛时，在前两个月，猴子对两种凝视类型的注视持续时间相同，但之后对于避免凝视的脸保持更长的时间。因此，与回避凝视相比，婴儿整体上花了更多的时间，但凝视的时间更短。这些结果表明，猴子在观看首选的直接凝视面孔时会形成一种有效的策略，这种面孔需要较长的观看时间，但需要较短的凝视时间。
Human and nonhuman primates show a preference for looking at faces with direct gaze. In humans, this preference emerges shortly after birth, but little is known about the development of gaze preferences in monkeys. This study tracked the development of gaze preferences in infant monkeys from birth through 6 months of age using infrared eye‐tracking. Although absent in the first week, a strong significant preference for direct compared to averted gaze faces emerged rapidly, peaking around 2 months of age. When looking at the eyes, the monkeys’ fixations were equivalent in duration for both gaze types in the first 2 months, but thereafter remained longer for the averted gaze faces. Therefore, the infants spent a greater proportion of time overall, but made shorter fixations, when looking at the direct compared to averted gaze faces. These results suggest that monkeys develop an efficient strategy when viewing the preferred direct gaze faces that involves longer viewing times, but shorter fixations.