Mechanics and Functions of Jaw Protrusion in Teleost Fishes: A Review
Mechanics and Functions of Jaw Protrusion in Teleost Fishes: A Review
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硬骨鱼类下颌突出的力学和功能：综述
作者：
P. Motta
本文综述了硬骨鱼类颌骨前突的力学和功能方面的最新研究成果。四个基本机制表征该系统：在A型或“下颌骨凹陷模型”的颌骨前突，下颌骨的凹陷拉或推前颌骨进入前突状态。力可以通过骨骼、韧带或肌腱传递到上颌。在这种情况下，上颌骨围绕其纵轴的扭转可能被动地发生。类型B或“扭转上颌骨模型”利用上颌骨围绕其纵轴的扭转来驱动或拉动前上颌骨进入突出位置。上颌骨的扭转是由下颌骨的压低或下颌内收肌的Al分支的收缩引起的。在C型或颌前突的“解耦模型”中，脑颅独立于前上颌骨被提起，使得前上颌骨被突出，而D型或“悬骨外展模型”通过外展悬骨以在腭腭韧带中产生张力，挤压前上颌骨的上升过程，使得前上颌骨发生突出来增强后两种机制。第一种机制被证明是更广泛的硬骨鱼研究和一些关于扭曲上颌骨模型的结论是可疑的。以前的各种分类群之间的区别部分基于突起的机制被证明是至少部分不正确的。假设，但未经检验，下颌突出的功能进行了讨论。突出可能导致捕食减少和/或进食可能比没有它在能量上更有效，这是由于a）突出更大的猎物捕获成功率，B）捕获或摄取猎物所需的能量减少。最后，对未来研究的方向和方法提出了建议。
The more recent and definitive studies on the mechanics and functions of jaw protrusion in teleost fishes are reviewed. Four basic mechanisms characterize the system: In the Type A or "mandible depression model" of jaw protrusion, depression of the mandible pulls or pushes the premaxilla into the protruded state. The force may be transferred to the upper jaw via bones, ligaments or tendons. Twisting of the maxilla around its longitudinal axis may occur passively in this case. The Type B or "twisting maxilla model" utilizes twisting of the maxilla round its longitudinal axis to drive or pull the premaxilla into the protruded position. Twisting of the maxilla is initiated by either depression of the mandible or contraction of the Al division of the adductor mandibulae. In the Type C or "decoupled model" of jaw protrusion the neurocranium is lifted independently from the premaxilla such that the premaxilla is protruded and the Type D or "suspensorial abduction model" augments the latter two mechanisms by abducting the suspensorium to produce tension in the palatopalatine ligament, squeezing the ascending process of the premaxilla such that protrusion of the premaxilla occurs. The first mechanism is shown to be more widespread among the teleosts studied and some of the conclusions concerning the twisting maxilla model are suspect. Previous distinctions among various taxonomic groups based partly on the mechanisms of protrusion are shown to be at least partially incorrect. Hypothesized, and yet untested, functions of jaw protrusion are discussed. Protrusion may either result in a decrease in predation and/or feeding may be energetically more efficient than without it, as a result of a) greater prey capture success with protrusion, b) decreased energy necessary to capture or ingest prey. Lastly, suggestions for the future direction and methodologies of such studies are outlined.