The Role of Subjective Time in Identity Regulation
The Role of Subjective Time in Identity Regulation
复制标题
主观时间在身份调节中的作用
DOI：
10.1002/acp.1617
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anne E Wilson;G. Gunn;M. Ross
本研究探讨了主观时间知觉在调节个体同一性中的作用。积极反映自我的事件比消极反映自我的事件感觉更近。我们认为，主观时间判断中的这种系统性偏差具有身份调节功能：这些偏差允许人们对当前自我保持有利的评价。最近发生的事件很可能会被判断为属于当前的自我，并因此被纳入当前的身份。遥远的事件更多地被视为属于过去的自己，与今天的自己截然不同。因此，通过将过去的积极经历视为比消极经历更近的经历，人们能够继续将过去的辉煌归功于过去的辉煌，同时减少过去失败对现在身份的威胁。我们讨论了主观距离的动机描述及其在调节和维持期望的当前身份中的作用的证据。版权所有#2009 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.和指纹一样，自传也是独一无二的。没有两个成年人会经历完全相同的人生事件。因此，对个人经历的记忆可以帮助个人将自己与其他人区分开来，并构建自主的自我认同(Ross&Wang，Inpress)。然而，至少有一种感觉是，人们的生活叙事是相似的，至少在西方文化中是这样。生活叙事是按时间顺序排列的。时间顺序是公开讲述生活故事的标准，无论是虚构的还是真实的(麦克亚当斯，2006)。这些故事通常是向前展开的，偶尔也会向后展开(Lam&Buehler，2009)，很少以随机或随意的方式展开。时间顺序为生活故事赋予了连贯性和意义(朗道、格林伯格和沙利文，在印刷中)。时间顺序不仅对公众讲故事很重要，对影响我们自我认同的私生活故事也很重要。我们目前的身份包括我们如何随着时间的推移而发展，我们过去是怎样的，以及我们如何成为今天的我们的信念。如果我们认为我们过去脾气暴躁，现在很随和，而不是我们过去很随和，现在很暴躁，那么我们对自己的看法就完全不同了。时间顺序很重要。时间很重要。当我们谈论时间时，我们真正的意思是什么？我们通常指的是时钟或日历时间，如上一段所述。虽然这种时间在人类进化中是一个相对较新的发展，但我们已经在它的限制下相当好地工作，特别是在配备了日程表和个人数字助理(PDA)的情况下。我们通常可以相当容易地检索一些日期--我们记住出生日期、周年纪念日和重要日期
SUMMARY We explore the function of subjective perceptions of time in regulating personal identity. Events that reflect favourably on the self feel more recent than events that reflect negatively on the self. We propose that this systematic bias in subjective time judgment serves an identity regulation function: These biases allow people to maintain a favourable evaluation of current self. Recent events are likely to be judged as ‘belonging’ to the current self and thus incorporated into current identity. Distant eventsare morelikely to beviewed as belonging toa former self who is quite distinct from thetoday’s self. Therefore, by perceiving past positive experiences as more recent than negative ones, people are able to continue to take credit for former glories while reducing the threat of past failings on present identity. We discuss evidence for both the motivational account of subjective distancing and its role in regulating and maintaining a desired current identity. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Like fingerprints, autobiographies are unique. No two adults experience precisely the same life events. As a result, memories of personal experiences can help individuals distinguish themselvesfrom othersandconstructan autonomousself-identity (Ross&Wang, inpress). There is at least one sense, however, in which people’s life narratives are similar, at least in Western cultures. Life narratives are chronologically ordered. Chronological order is the norm for publically told life stories, fictional or true (McAdams, 2006). These stories usually unfold in a forward direction, occasionally in a backward direction (Lam & Buehler, 2009), and only very rarely in a random or haphazard manner. Chronological order lends coherence and meaning to a life story (Landau, Greenberg, & Sullivan, in press). Temporal order is not only important to public storytelling, it is also important to the private life stories that influence our self-identity. Our current identity includes beliefs about how we have developed over time, how we used to be and how we became the individuals that we are today. We see ourselves quite differently if we believe that we used to be crotchety and are now easy-going, rather than that we used to be easy-going and are now crotchety. Temporal sequence matters. Time matters. When we talk about time, what dowe really mean? Often we mean clock or calendar time, as in the preceding paragraph. Although this kind of time is a relatively recent development in human evolution, we have come to work reasonably well within its constraints, especially when armed with day planners and personal digital assistants (PDAs). We can typically retrieve some dates fairly easily—we remember birth dates, anniversaries and significant