Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in response to long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-009-0186-8
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Liang, Yongchao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ge, Gaofei;Li, Zhaojun;Liang, Yongchao
本研究旨在探讨长期和连续施用化肥和有机肥对土壤表层和亚表层微生物生物量、土壤生物活性及其季节变化的影响。为此，在中国东北沈阳长期试验站的春季、夏季和秋季进行了土壤采样。结果表明，施用有机肥后，表层土壤全氮、有机碳、基础呼吸、微生物生物量和酶活性增加，但随土层加深而降低。长期施用无机肥显著降低了土壤pH值、蔗糖酶活性和微生物生物量C，但提高了土壤代谢商（qCO 2）。但与不施肥和不施肥相比，无机肥对土壤全氮、脲酶活性和微生物量氮的影响不显著。CK 0与CK相比，表层（0-20 cm）土壤全N、有机C和微生物活性差异不显著，而次表层（20-40 cm）土壤全N、有机C和微生物活性均高于CK 0。土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量和土壤呼吸强度均呈季节性变化。土壤微生物生物量C与N、有机C与蔗糖酶活性、全N与脲酶活性均呈显著相关。建议有机肥与无机肥配施，以保持较高的微生物生物量、土壤生物活性和土壤肥力。考虑到我国北方土壤亚表层养分储量和微生物活性较高，春季土壤风蚀造成的养分流失较多，建议采用少耕的方式来利用土壤养分。
The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of long-term and continued application of fertilizers and manures on microbial biomass, soil biological activity and their seasonal variations in surface and subsurface soils in relation to soil fertility. For this, soils were sampled in spring, summer and autumn from Shenyang Long-term Experimental Station, northeastern China. The results showed that soil total nitrogen (N), organic carbon (C), basal respiration, microbial biomass and enzymatic activity increased in manure-amended surface soils, but decreased with soil depth. Long-term application of inorganic fertilizers significantly decreased soil pH value, sucrase activity and microbial biomass C, but increased soil metabolic quotient (qCO(2)). However, no significant effect of inorganic fertilizers on soil total N, urease activity and microbial biomass N was observed in comparison with CK0 (neither tillage nor fertilization) and CK (no fertilizers). There was no significant difference between CK0 and CK in soil total N, organic C and microbial activity in surface soil layer (0-20 cm), but these parameters in subsurface soil layer (20-40 cm) were higher in CK than in CK0. Moreover, seasonal changes were observed in terms of soil nutrient contents, enzymatic activity, microbial biomass and soil respiration. There were significant correlations between soil microbial biomass C and N, between organic C and sucrase activity and between total N and urease activity, respectively. It is recommended that combined use of organic manure with inorganic fertilizers should be considered to maintain higher microbial biomass, soil biological activity and soil fertility. Considering considerably high nutrients reserve and microbial activity in subsurface layers of soil and wind-erosion-caused nutrient loss in spring in north China, we also propose that low tillage should be considered to make use of nutrients in soils.