Cerebellum and Emotion Memory.
Cerebellum and Emotion Memory.
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小脑和情绪记忆
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_5
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Timmann D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mark M;Pakusch J;Ernst TM;Timmann D
恐惧是一种重要的生存情绪，小脑被发现不仅有助于先天的情感和防御行为，而且还有助于学习恐惧反应。在啮齿类动物中，恐惧条件性心动过缓和冻结的获得和保持已被证明依赖于小脑蚓部的完整性。有相当数量的脑成像研究，观察人类小脑在恐惧条件反射范式中的激活。与最初的小脑损伤研究所预期的不同，与学习预测威胁相关的激活远远超出了小脑蚓部，并且在小脑外侧最为突出。小脑的不同部分可能有助于学习经典恐惧条件反射中涉及的自主、运动、情绪和认知反应。在小脑的各个部分进行的神经操作经常被认为是相同的。一种假设是，小脑充当预测装置，或者是预测装置的一部分。最近的研究结果将讨论小脑可能不仅参与感觉预测错误的处理，而且还参与奖励和奖励预测错误的处理，这可能在情绪和情绪学习中发挥核心作用。目前知识的内在学习机制的恐惧记忆在小脑，其与皮层下和皮层的恐惧电路的连接。本章最后将讨论小脑恐惧学习障碍如何导致情感障碍。
Fear is an important emotion for survival, and the cerebellum has been found to contribute not only to innate affective and defensive behavior, but also to learned fear responses. Acquisition and retention of fear conditioned bradycardia and freezing have been shown to depend on the integrity of the cerebellar vermis in rodents. There is a considerable number of brain imaging studies, which observe activation of the human cerebellum in fear conditioning paradigms. Different to what one may expect based on the initial cerebellar lesion studies, activations related to the learned prediction of threat go well beyond the vermis, and are most prominent in the lateral cerebellum. Different parts of the cerebellum likely contribute to learning of autonomic, motor, emotional and cognitive responses involved in classical fear conditioning. The neural operation which is performed in the various parts of the cerebellum is frequently assumed to be the same. One hypothesis is that the cerebellum acts as, or is part of, a predictive device. More recent findings will be discussed that the cerebellum may not only be involved in the processing of sensory prediction errors, but also in the processing of reward and reward prediction errors, which may play a central role in emotions and emotional learning. Current knowledge about the intrinsic learning mechanisms underlying fear memory in the cerebellum, and its connections with subcortical and cortical fear circuitry will be presented. The chapter will conclude with a discussion on how disordered cerebellar fear learning may contribute to affective disorders.