Quantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling.
Quantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-023-39249-z
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发表时间：
2023-06-14
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
de Graaf, S. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucas, M.;Danilov, A. V.;Levitin, L. V.;Jayaraman, A.;Casey, A. J.;Faoro, L.;Tzalenchuk, A. Ya.;Kubatkin, S. E.;Saunders, J.;de Graaf, S. E.
量子电路通过几个依赖于温度的自由度与环境相互作用。迄今为止的多项实验表明，超导设备的大多数性能似乎在T = 50 mK时达到稳定状态-远远高于冰箱的基本温度。例如，这反映在量子比特的热态布居、过量的准粒子和表面自旋的极化中-这些因素有助于降低相干性。我们演示了如何消除这种热约束，通过操作电路浸没在液体3 He。这使得能够有效地冷却超导谐振器的散肩环境，并且我们看到测量的物理量的连续变化下降到以前未探索的亚mK温度。3 He充当散热器，其将耦合到电路的量子浴的能量弛豫速率增加一千倍，而抑制的浴不会引入额外的电路损耗或噪声。这种量子浴抑制可以减少量子电路中的退相干，并为量子处理器中的热管理和相干管理开辟了一条途径。在超导量子电路中去除多余的能量（冷却）和减少噪声是提高相干性的核心。Lucas等人证明了通过浸入液体3 He中将超导谐振器及其噪声环境冷却到低于mK的温度。
Quantum circuits interact with the environment via several temperature-dependent degrees of freedom. Multiple experiments to-date have shown that most properties of superconducting devices appear to plateau out at T ≈ 50 mK – far above the refrigerator base temperature. This is for example reflected in the thermal state population of qubits, in excess numbers of quasiparticles, and polarisation of surface spins – factors contributing to reduced coherence. We demonstrate how to remove this thermal constraint by operating a circuit immersed in liquid 3He. This allows to efficiently cool the decohering environment of a superconducting resonator, and we see a continuous change in measured physical quantities down to previously unexplored sub-mK temperatures. The 3He acts as a heat sink which increases the energy relaxation rate of the quantum bath coupled to the circuit a thousand times, yet the suppressed bath does not introduce additional circuit losses or noise. Such quantum bath suppression can reduce decoherence in quantum circuits and opens a route for both thermal and coherence management in quantum processors. Removing excess energy (cooling) and reducing noise in superconducting quantum circuits is central to improved coherence. Lucas et al. demonstrate cooling of a superconducting resonator and its noisy environment to sub-mK temperatures by immersion in liquid 3He.
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