Exposure, infection, systemic cytokine levels and antibody responses in young children concurrently exposed to schistosomiasis and malaria.
Exposure, infection, systemic cytokine levels and antibody responses in young children concurrently exposed to schistosomiasis and malaria.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182011001181
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发表时间：
2011-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Mutapi, Francisca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Imai, Natsuko;Rujeni, Nadine;Nausch, Norman;Bourke, Claire D.;Appleby, Laura J.;Cowan, Graeme;Gwisai, Reggis;Midzi, Nicholas;Cavanagh, David;Mduluza, Takafira;Taylor, David;Mutapi, Francisca
尽管血吸虫和恶性疟原虫感染的分布重叠，但很少有研究调查居住在这两种寄生虫共同流行地区的幼儿对这两种寄生虫的早期免疫反应。这项研究测量了这两种寄生虫的感染水平，并将它们与幼儿的暴露和免疫反应联系起来。用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测了95名津巴布韦1~5岁儿童抗血吸虫尾虫、虫卵和成虫抗体及裂殖子表面蛋白1、2抗体和细胞因子干扰素-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平。儿童血吸虫感染率为14.7%，疟原虫感染率为0%。43.4%的儿童表现出接触血吸虫寄生虫的免疫学证据，13%的儿童表现出接触疟原虫的免疫学证据。指示暴露于寄生虫抗原的血吸虫特异性反应与尾蚴特异性IgE反应呈正相关，而指示暴露于寄生虫抗原的疟原虫特异性反应与针对疟原虫的保护性免疫相关的反应呈负相关。血吸虫特异性反应和疟原虫特异性反应之间没有明显的关联。全身细胞因子水平随着年龄的增长以及血吸虫感染和暴露的增加而上升。总体而言，结果表明：(1)接触血吸虫和疟原虫感染的儿童明显多于目前感染的儿童；(2)保护性获得性免疫的形成始于儿童早期，尽管其对感染水平和病理的影响可能需要多年才能显现。
Despite the overlapping distribution of Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum infections, few studies have investigated early immune responses to both parasites in young children resident in areas co-endemic for the parasites. This study measures infection levels of both parasites and relates them to exposure and immune responses in young children. Levels of IgM, IgE, IgG4 directed against schistosome cercariae, egg and adult worm and IgM, IgG directed against P. falciparum schizonts and the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 together with the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA in 95 Zimbabwean children aged 1–5 years. Schistosome infection prevalence was 14·7% and that of Plasmodium infection was 0% in the children. 43. 4% of the children showed immunological evidence of exposure to schistosome parasites and 13% showed immunological evidence of exposure to Plasmodium parasites. Schistosome–specific responses, indicative of exposure to parasite antigens, were positively associated with cercariae-specific IgE responses, while Plasmodium-specific responses, indicative of exposure to parasite antigens, were negatively associated with responses associated with protective immunity against Plasmodium. There was no significant association between schistosome-specific and Plasmodium-specific responses. Systemic cytokine levels rose with age as well as with schistosome infection and exposure. Overall the results show that (1) significantly more children are exposed to schistosome and Plasmodium infection than those currently infected and; (2) the development of protective acquired immunity commences in early childhood, although its effects on infection levels and pathology may take many years to become apparent.