Effects of human trampling and multispecies competition on early-phase development of a tread community
Effects of human trampling and multispecies competition on early-phase development of a tread community
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人类践踏和多物种竞争对踩踏群落早期发展的影响
DOI：
10.1007/bf02348462
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
K. Okutomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Ikeda;K. Okutomi
通过比较沿着践踏梯度单种与混种植物车前草、画眉草和牛筋草3种植物群落的相对多度的变化，研究了践踏和多物种竞争对群落第一年发育的影响。在低践踏水平下，次生演替中常见的先锋种豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifoliavar. elatior）和马唐（Digitaria adscendens）对践踏群落物种具有明显的优势和抑制作用。严重践踏显著降低了先锋种的优势度，但未降低践踏群落种的优势度。三种群落的最大盖度混植均低于单作。支持最大覆盖的践踏水平在混合文化中高于在单一文化中。单种与混种间的差异表现为：亚洲马缨丹<画眉草<牛筋草。这些结果表明：（1）在较低的践踏强度下，先锋种干扰践踏群落种的建立;（2）较重的践踏降低了先锋种的竞争能力，但有利于践踏群落种的建立;（3）在较高的践踏强度下，践踏群落种之间存在竞争相互作用，（4）对多物种竞争较敏感和对践踏较耐受的物种在践踏较严重的生境中建立。
Effects of human trampling and multispecies competition on the development of a tread community in the first year were examined by comparing changes in the relative abundance of three main component species of tread communities,Plantago asiatica, Eragrostis ferrugineaandEleusine indica, between monoculture and mixed culture along a trampling gradient. At low trampling levels in mixed culture,Ambrosia artemisiifoliavar.elatiorandDigitaria adscendens, which are common pioneer species of secondary succession, predominated and suppressed the tread community species. Severe trampling reduced markedly the predominance of the pioneer species, but not that of the tread community species. The maximum cover of the three tread commiunty species was lower in mixed culture than in monoculture. The trampling levels supporting the maximum cover were higher in mixed culture than in monoculture. The differences in these levels between monoculture and mixed culture varied among the three:P. asiatica< Eragrostis ferruginea<Eleusine indica. These results suggest that (1) the pioneer species interfere with the establishment of tread community species under lower trampling intensity, (2) heavier trampling reduces the competitive ability of pioneer species, while it favors the establishment of tread community species, (3), there are competitive interactions among the tread community species under higher trampling intensity, and (4) the species more susceptible to multispecies competition and tolerant to trampling are established in more heavily trampled habitats.